Search results for "ACE"

Hits ?▲	Authors	Title	Venue	Year	Link	Author keywords
132	Norbert E. Fuchs	Knowledge Representation and Reasoning in (Controlled) Natural Language.	ICCS	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
126	Nicholas J. Wang, Aqeel Mahesri, Sanjay J. Patel	Examining ACE analysis reliability estimates using fault-injection.	ISCA	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	fault tolerance, microprocessors, soft errors, measurement techniques
114	Jumnit Hong, Eriko Nurvitadhi, Shih-Lien Lu	Design, implementation, and verification of active cache emulator (ACE).	FPGA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	FPGA-based emulator, real-time emulation, cache modeling
108	Eriko Nurvitadhi, Jumnit Hong, Shih-Lien Lu	Active Cache Emulator.	IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. Syst.	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
108	Jeng-Wei Lin, Jan-Ming Ho, Li-Ming Tseng, Feipei Lai	IDN server proxy architecture for Internationalized Domain Name resolution and experiences with providing Web services.	ACM Trans. Internet Techn.	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	DNS server proxy, application server, multilingual, Internationalized domain name
108	Norbert E. Fuchs, Stefan Höfler, Kaarel Kaljurand, Fabio Rinaldi 0001, Gerold Schneider	Attempto Controlled English: A Knowledge Representation Language Readable by Humans and Machines.	Reasoning Web	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
104	Enrico Pontelli, Gopal Gupta 0001, Manuel V. Hermenegildo	&ACE: a high-performance parallel Prolog system.	IPPS	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	parallel Prolog system, parallel symbolic computing, Independent And-parallelism, logic programming, PROLOG, shared memory multiprocessor, shared memory systems, symbol manipulation, Or-parallelism, ACE
96	Dejan Vukobratovic, Aleksandar Djurendic, Vojin Senk	ACE Spectrum of LDPC Codes and Generalized ACE Design.	ICC	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
86	Roberto Manione, Alberto Lagna	Simulation of object-oriented distributed systems via compilation to concurrent process level.	Annual Simulation Symposium	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	object-oriented distributed systems, concurrent process level, object based software architectures, object based software platforms, prototype CASE environment, ACE computational model, TINA-C architecture, simulation engine, ACE language semantics, asynchronous method invocation, method guards, state of the art workstation, formal specification, parallel processing, compilation, programming environments, digital simulation, templates, object-oriented methods, computer aided software engineering, computational linguistics, Building Block, application specification, application generators, parallelising compilers, object oriented simulation, concurrent objects, program processors
84	Norbert E. Fuchs, Kaarel Kaljurand, Tobias Kuhn	Attempto Controlled English for Knowledge Representation.	Reasoning Web	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
84	Lei Feng, Kihwan Ju, Ki H. Chon	A method for segmentation of switching dynamic modes in time series .	IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
78	Mukund Raghavachari, Anne Rogers	Ace: a language for parallel programming with customizable protocols.	ACM Trans. Comput. Syst.	1999	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	parallel processing
78	Jon R. Wright, Frederick D. Miller, G. V. E. Otto, Elizabeth M. Siegfried, Gregg T. Vesonder, John E. Zielinski	ACE: Going from prototype to product with an expert system.	ACM Annual Conference	1984	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Analytic advisors
72	Sohraab Soltani, Kiran Misra, Hayder Radha	On link-layer reliability and stability for wireless communication.	MobiCom	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	reliability, wireless network, stability, link-layer protocol
72	Kaarel Kaljurand, Norbert E. Fuchs	Bidirectional Mapping Between OWL DL and Attempto Controlled English.	PPSWR	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
72	Shawn Kraut, Louis L. Scharf, Ronald W. Butler	The adaptive coherence estimator: a uniformly most-powerful-invariant adaptive detection statistic.	IEEE Trans. Signal Process.	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
67	Qiang Hu, Qiaoliang Li, Xiaoming Wang, Naixue Xiong, Yi Pan 0001	An Optimal Algorithm for Minimizing Cluster Overlap of ACE.	WASA	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	ACE algorithm, clustering, sensor networks
66	Sumana Srinivasan, Krithi Ramamritham, Purushottam Kulkarni	ACE in the Hole: Adaptive Contour Estimation Using Collaborating Mobile Sensors.	IPSN	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	collaboration, mobile, adaptive, sensors, estimation, contour
66	Newton Lee	ACM SIGCHI ACE 2006 Hollywood - International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology.	Comput. Entertain.	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
66	Haijin Yan, David K. Lowenthal, Kang Li 0001	ACE: an active, client-directed method for reducing energy during web browsing.	NOSSDAV	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	TCP, energy, HTTP
66	Sezgin Sucu, Chandra Krintz	ACE: A Resource-Aware Adaptive Compression Environment.	ITCC	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
66	Yehuda Koren, Liran Carmel, David Harel	ACE: A Fast Multiscale Eigenvectors Computation for Drawing Huge Graphs.	INFOVIS	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	multiscale/multilevel optimization, Fiedler vector, the Hall energy, graph drawing, algebraic multigrid, generalized eigenvalue problem, force directed layout
66	Ricki G. Ingalls, John W. Nazemetz	Supply chain applications I: designing the support logistics for the FAA ACE-IDS system.	WSC	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
66	Peng Wu, Rajiv Bhatnagar, Lennie Epshtein, Malini Bhandaru, Zhongwen Shi	Alarm correlation engine (ACE).	NOMS	1998	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
66	Mukund Raghavachari, Anne Rogers	Ace: Linguistic Mechanisms for Customizable Protocols.	PPoPP	1997	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
60	Juri Luca De Coi, Norbert E. Fuchs, Kaarel Kaljurand, Tobias Kuhn	Controlled English for Reasoning on the Semantic Web.	REWERSE	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
60	Floortje Alkemade, Han La Poutré, Hans M. Amman	On social learning and robust evolutionary algorithm design in economic games.	Congress on Evolutionary Computation	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
60	Arijit Biswas, Paul Racunas, Razvan Cheveresan, Joel S. Emer, Shubhendu S. Mukherjee, Ram Rangan	Computing Architectural Vulnerability Factors for Address-Based Structures.	ISCA	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
60	Norbert E. Fuchs, Uta Schwertel	Reasoning in Attempto Controlled English.	PPSWR	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
60	Norbert E. Fuchs, Uta Schwertel, Rolf Schwitter	Attempto Controlled English - Not Just Another Logic Specification Language.	LOPSTR	1998	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
54	Babita Sharma, S. D. Dhodapkar, S. Ramesh 0001	Assertion Checking Environment (ACE) for Formal Verification of C Programs.	SAFECOMP	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
54	Marcus Specht	ACE - Adaptive Courseware Environment.	AH	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
54	Barbara J. Meier	ACE: A Color Expert System for User Interface Design.	ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology	1988	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
54	Enrico Pontelli, Gopal Gupta 0001, Manuel V. Hermenegildo	&ACE: the And-parallel Component of ACE (A Progress Report on ACE).	ICLP Workshop: Parallel and Data Parallel Execution of Logic Programs	1994	DBLP BibTeX RDF
53	Simon	Twenty-Two Years of ACE.	ACE	2020	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
49	Shiwen Hu, Madhavi Gopal Valluri, Lizy Kurian John	Effective management of multiple configurable units using dynamic optimization.	ACM Trans. Archit. Code Optim.	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Adaptive computing environment (ACE), dynamic optimization, power dissipation, hotspots
48	Astrid Weiss, Judith Igelsböck, Manfred Tscheligi, Andrea Maria Bauer, Kolja Kühnlenz, Dirk Wollherr, Martin Buss	Robots asking for directions: the willingness of passers-by to support robots.	HRI	2010	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	human-robot interaction, field trial, autonomous mobile robot, social acceptance
48	Quirin Mühlbauer, Stefan Sosnowski, Tingting Xu, Tianguang Zhang, Kolja Kühnlenz, Martin Buss	Navigation through urban environments by visual perception and interaction.	ICRA	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
48	Choo Chwee Seng, Chua Ching Lian, Low Kin Ming Spencer, Darren Wee Sze Ong	A co-evolutionary approach for military operational analysis.	GEC Summit	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	competitive co-evolution, evolutionary algorithm, multi-objective, military application
48	Shantanu Joshi 0001, Christopher M. Jermaine	Materialized Sample Views for Database Approximation.	IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng.	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Query processing, Sampling, Indexing methods
48	Chandra Krintz, Sezgin Sucu	Adaptive On-the-Fly Compression.	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Adaptive compression, dynamic, performance prediction, mobile systems
48	Susan L. Epstein, Eugene C. Freuder, Richard J. Wallace, Anton Morozov, Bruce Samuels	The Adaptive Constraint Engine.	CP	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
48	Norbert E. Fuchs, Uta Schwertel, Sunna Torge 0001	Controlled Natural Language Can Replace First-Order Logic.	ASE	1999	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Attempto Controlled English, EP Tableaux, database schema design, Schubert's Steamroller, formal methods, model generation, controlled natural language, automatic reasoning
42	Georgios Lidoris, Florian Rohrmüller, Dirk Wollherr, Martin Buss	The Autonomous City Explorer (ACE) project - mobile robot navigation in highly populated urban environments.	ICRA	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Won-Hee Han, Eun-Ha Song, Laurence Tianruo Yang, Jong Hyuk Park, Young-Sik Jeong	ACE: Active Emergence Call Service System for u-Lifecare.	MUE	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Emergency Call Service, U-Lifecare, Realtime position tracking monitorig
42	Jarogniew Rykowski	ACE Agents - Mass Personalized Software Assistance.	CEEMAS	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Haowen Chan, Adrian Perrig	ACE: An Emergent Algorithm for Highly Uniform Cluster Formation.	EWSN	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	John E. Dorband, Christine L. Mumford, Pearl Y. Wang	Developing an aCe Solution for Two-Dimensional Strip Packing.	IPDPS	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Guido Albertengo, Stefano Petroianni	ACE/2: A Scalable Modular SATCOM System Emulator.	DS-RT	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Inseop Lee, W. Kenneth Jenkins	A comparison of two adaptive equalizers: DFE and ACE.	ISCAS (4)	1999	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Enrico Pontelli, Gopal Gupta 0001	W-ACE: A Logic Language for Intelligent Internet Programming.	ICTAI	1997	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Internet Programming, World Wide Web, Logic Programming, Constraints
42	Daniel Le Métayer	ACE: An Automatic Complexity Evaluator.	ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.	1988	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
38	Sander M. Bohté, Enrico H. Gerding, Johannes A. La Poutré	Market-based recommendation: Agents that compete for consumer attention.	ACM Trans. Internet Techn.	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	competitive multi-agent systems, market-based programming, recommendation systems, electronic markets, ACE, learning agents, agent-based computational economics
37	Clemens Czernohous, Wolfgang Fichtner, Daniel Veit, Christof Weinhardt	Management decision support using long-term market simulation.	Inf. Syst. E Bus. Manag.	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Agent-based Computational Economics (ACE), Liberalized electricity markets, Investment decision, Multi agent-based simulation
36	Edoardo Provenzi, Carlo Gatta, Massimo Fierro, Alessandro Rizzi	A Spatially Variant White-Patch and Gray-World Method for Color Image Enhancement Driven by Local Contrast.	IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
36	Chao Wang, Shu Hung Leung	Par reduction in OFDM through convex programming.	ICASSP	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
36	Pawel P. Mazur, Robert Dale	The DANTE Temporal Expression Tagger.	LTC	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Temporal expression tagging, semantics, underspecification
36	Jarogniew Rykowski	Active Advertisement in Supermarkets Using Personal Agents.	I3E	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	personalization, RFID, Software agents, targeted marketing
36	Christopher C. LuVogt	Learning to Listen to the Right Information Retrieval System.	Pattern Anal. Appl.	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Neural networks, Information Retrieval, Fusion, Combination, Metasearch, Mixture
36	Li Chen 0016, Song Wang 0001, Elizabeth Cash, Burke Ryder, Ian Hobbs, Elke A. Rundensteiner	A fine-grained replacement strategy for XML query cache.	WIDM	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	cache replacement strategy, XML, XQuery, query rewriting, semantic caching, query containment
36	Andreas Dandalis, Viktor K. Prasanna, José D. P. Rolim	An Adaptive Cryptographic Engine for IPSec Architectures.	FCCM	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
36	Dun-An Yang, Yu-Teng Chang, Ting-Shuo Hsu, Jing-Jia Liou, Harry H. Chen	ACE-Pro: Reduction of Functional Errors with ACE Propagation Graph.	ITC	2021	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
36	Kuntal Deka, Alentattil Rajesh, Prabin Kumar Bora	On the equivalence of the ACE and the EMD of a cycle for the ACE spectrum constrained LDPC codes.	ISTC	2014	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Nicole Herbert, Carolyn Seton (eds.)	Proceedings of the 26th Australasian Computing Education Conference, ACE 2024, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 29 January 2024- 2 February 2024	ACE	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Ritvik Budhiraja, Ishika Joshi, Jagat Sesh Challa, Harshal D. Akolekar, Dhruv Kumar 0001	""It's not like Jarvis✱.	ACE	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Ewan D. Tempero, Yu-Cheng Tu 0001	Using Program Comprehension Models to Teach Comprehensibility.	ACE	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Svana Esche	Testing Programming Aptitude through Commonsense Computing.	ACE	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Nicole Herbert, David Herbert 0001, Tony Gray	Navigating the IT Skills Gap: Cultivating Job-Ready Graduates.	ACE	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Tony Haoran Feng, Paul Denny 0001, Burkhard Wuensche, Andrew Luxton-Reilly, Steffan Hooper	More Than Meets the AI: Evaluating the performance of GPT-4 on Computer Graphics assessment questions.	ACE	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Lianne Roest, Hieke Keuning, Johan Jeuring	Next-Step Hint Generation for Introductory Programming Using Large Language Models.	ACE	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Breanna Jury, Angela Lorusso, Juho Leinonen 0001, Paul Denny 0001, Andrew Luxton-Reilly	Evaluating LLM-generated Worked Examples in an Introductory Programming Course.	ACE	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Asanthika Imbulpitiya, Jacqueline Whalley, Mali Senapathi	A Qualitative Study of Novice Experiences with Database Normalisation.	ACE	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Alven C. Y. Leung, Zoey Ziyi Li, Dennis Y. W. Liu, Richard W. C. Lui, Daniel Xiapu Luo, Siu Wo Tarloff Im	Transfer of Learning from Metaverse to Blockchain for Secondary Students: Implementation and Effectiveness Evaluation.	ACE	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Irene Hou, Sophia Mettille, Owen Man, Zhuo Li, Cynthia Zastudil, Stephen MacNeil	The Effects of Generative AI on Computing Students' Help-Seeking Preferences.	ACE	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Irene Hou, Owen Man, Sophia Mettille, Sebastian Gutierrez, Kenneth Angelikas, Stephen MacNeil	More Robots are Coming: Large Multimodal Models (ChatGPT) can Solve Visually Diverse Images of Parsons Problems.	ACE	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Géraldine Brieven, Valentin Baum, Benoit Donnet	Tartare: Automatic Generation of C Pointer Statements and Feedback.	ACE	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Nicole Herbert	Infusing Indigenous Perspectives into ICT Curriculum.	ACE	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Jacob Doughty, Zipiao Wan, Anishka Bompelli, Jubahed Qayum, Taozhi Wang, Juran Zhang, Yujia Zheng, Aidan Doyle, Pragnya Sridhar, Arav Agarwal, Christopher Bogart, Eric Keylor, Can Kültür, Jaromír Savelka, Majd Sakr	A Comparative Study of AI-Generated (GPT-4) and Human-crafted MCQs in Programming Education.	ACE	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	André van Renssen	Designing Problem Sessions for Algorithmic Subjects to Boost Student Confidence.	ACE	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Jaxton Winder, Elise Francis, Bridget Staley, John Edwards 0002	Incremental Development and CS1 Student Outcomes And Behaviors.	ACE	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	David Liu 0002, Jonathan Calver, Michelle Craig	A Static Analysis Tool in CS1: Student Usage and Perceptions of PythonTA.	ACE	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Diana Kirk, Andrew Luxton-Reilly, Ewan D. Tempero	A Literature-Informed Model for Code Style Principles to Support Teachers of Text-Based Programming.	ACE	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Diana Kirk, Andrew Luxton-Reilly, Ewan D. Tempero, Tyne Crow, Paul Denny 0001, Allan Fowler, Steffan Hooper, Andrew Meads, Asma Shakil, Paramvir Singh, Craig J. Sutherland, Yi-Chien Vita Tsai, Burkhard Wuensche	Educator Experiences of Low Overhead Student Project Risk Management.	ACE	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Brad Sheese, Mark H. Liffiton, Jaromír Savelka, Paul Denny 0001	Patterns of Student Help-Seeking When Using a Large Language Model-Powered Programming Assistant.	ACE	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Stephen MacNeil, Paul Denny 0001, Andrew Tran, Juho Leinonen 0001, Seth Bernstein, Arto Hellas, Sami Sarsa, Joanne Kim	Decoding Logic Errors: A Comparative Study on Bug Detection by Students and Large Language Models.	ACE	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35		Proceedings of the 25th Australasian Computing Education Conference, ACE 2023, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 30 January 2023 - 3 February 2023	ACE	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Filip Strömbäck, Linda Mannila, Mariam Kamkar	Using Model-Checking and Peer-Grading to Provide Automated Feedback to Concurrency Exercises in Progvis.	ACE	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Ewan D. Tempero, Kelly Blincoe, Danielle M. Lottridge	An Experiment on the Effects of Modularity on Code Modification and Understanding.	ACE	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Nicole Herbert, Zhixi Lin, Matthew Springer	Effective Learning Experiences for ICT Curriculum Indigenisation.	ACE	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Chamindi K. Samarasekara, Claudia Ott, Anthony V. Robins	Future Scenarios for High School Digital Technology in New Zealand.	ACE	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Flynn Fromont, Hiruna Jayamanne, Paul Denny 0001	Exploring the Difficulty of Faded Parsons Problems for Programming Education.	ACE	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Vaishali Mahipal, Srija Ghosh, Ismaila Temitayo Sanusi, Ruizhe Ma, Joseph E. Gonzales, Fred G. Martin	DoodleIt: A Novel Tool and Approach for Teaching How CNNs Perform Image Recognition.	ACE	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Andrew Luxton-Reilly, Ewan D. Tempero, Nalin A. G. Arachchilage, Angela Chang, Paul Denny 0001, Allan Fowler, Nasser Giacaman, Igor Kontorovich, Danielle M. Lottridge, Sathiamoorthy Manoharan, Shyamli Sindhwani, Paramvir Singh, Ulrich Speidel, Sudeep Stephen, Valerio Terragni, Jacqueline Whalley, Burkhard Wuensche, Xinfeng Ye	Automated Assessment: Experiences From the Trenches.	ACE	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Filip Strömbäck, Pontus Haglund, Aseel Berglund, Erik Berglund 0001	The Progression of Students' Ability to Work With Scope, Parameter Passing and Aliasing.	ACE	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Nea Pirttinen, Arto Hellas, Juho Leinonen 0001	Experiences from Learnersourcing SQL Exercises: Do They Cover Course Topics and Do Students Use Them?	ACE	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Shamima Nasrin Runa, Anna Markella Antoniadi, Brett A. Becker, Catherine Mooney	Student Sense of Belonging: The Role of Gender Identity and Minoritisation in Computing and Other Sciences.	ACE	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Teemu Lehtinen, Lassi Haaranen, Juho Leinonen 0001	Automated Questionnaires About Students' JavaScript Programs: Towards Gauging Novice Programming Processes.	ACE	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	James Finnie-Ansley, Paul Denny 0001, Andrew Luxton-Reilly, Eddie Antonio Santos, James Prather, Brett A. Becker	My AI Wants to Know if This Will Be on the Exam: Testing OpenAI's Codex on CS2 Programming Exercises.	ACE	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Elliot Varoy, Andrew Luxton-Reilly, Kerry Lee, Nasser Giacaman	Understanding the Gender Gap in Digital Technologies Education.	ACE	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Yulia Pechorina, Keith Anderson, Paul Denny 0001	Metacodenition: Scaffolding the Problem-Solving Process for Novice Programmers.	ACE	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF