Search results for "factoid"

Hits ?▲	Authors	Title	Venue	Year	Link	Author keywords
135	Wei Wang 0033, Guosun Zeng, Mingjun Sun, Huanan Gu, Quan Zhang	Factoid Mining Based Content Trust Model for Information Retrieval.	PAKDD Workshops	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Content trust, factoid, SVM, text mining, ranking, information quality
84	Palakorn Achananuparp, Christopher C. Yang, Xin Chen	Using negative voting to diversify answers in non-factoid question answering.	CIKM	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	answer ranking, negative voting, non-factoid question answering
71	Youcong Ni, Wei Wang 0033	A Novel Factoid Ranking Model for Information Retrieval.	APWeb/WAIM Workshops	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	information retrieval, SVM, ranking, web mining
55	Tatsunori Mori, Mitsuru Sato, Madoka Ishioroshi	Answering Any Class of Japanese Non-factoid Question by Using the Web and Example Q&A Pairs from a Social Q&A Website.	Web Intelligence	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
55	Tetsuya Sakai	On the reliability of factoid question answering evaluation.	ACM Trans. Asian Lang. Inf. Process.	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Question answering, evaluation metrics
55	Jimmy Lin	An exploration of the principles underlying redundancy-based factoid question answering.	ACM Trans. Inf. Syst.	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Web search, Data redundancy
55	Radu Soricut, Eric Brill	Automatic question answering using the web: Beyond the Factoid.	Inf. Retr.	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
51	Andrew Hickl	Answering questions with authority.	CIKM	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	textual reasoning, information retrieval, question answering
51	Yandong Liu, Eugene Agichtein	On the evolution of the yahoo! answers QA community.	SIGIR	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	question answering, social media
51	Qinghua Zheng, Zhenhua Tian, Yanye Wang	Knowledge-Oriented Answer Extraction in Chinese Question Answering System for E-Learning.	CSCWD	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
51	Hideki Tsutsui, Toshihiko Manabe, Mika Fukui, Tetsuya Sakai, Hiroko Fujii, Koji Urata	Improving the Robustness to Recognition Errors in Speech Input Question Answering.	AIRS	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
51	Manuel Alberto Pérez-Coutiño, Manuel Montes-y-Gómez, Aurelio López-López, Luis Villaseñor Pineda	The Role of Lexical Features in Question Answering for Spanish.	CLEF	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
46	Andrés Corrada-Emmanuel, W. Bruce Croft	Answer models for question answering passage retrieval.	SIGIR	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	answer passage retrieval, open domain factoid questions, language models, question answering systems
42	Alaa Mohasseb, Andreas Kanavos	Factoid vs. Non-factoid Question Identification: An Ensemble Learning Approach.	WEBIST	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Iulian Vlad Serban, Alberto García-Durán, Çaglar Gülçehre, Sungjin Ahn, Sarath Chandar, Aaron C. Courville, Yoshua Bengio	Generating Factoid Questions With Recurrent Neural Networks: The 30M Factoid Question-Answer Corpus.	CoRR	2016	DBLP BibTeX RDF
42	Liu Yang 0005, Qingyao Ai, Damiano Spina, Ruey-Cheng Chen, Liang Pang, W. Bruce Croft, Jiafeng Guo, Falk Scholer	Beyond Factoid QA: Effective Methods for Non-factoid Answer Sentence Retrieval.	ECIR	2016	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Iulian Vlad Serban, Alberto García-Durán, Çaglar Gülçehre, Sungjin Ahn, Sarath Chandar, Aaron C. Courville, Yoshua Bengio	Generating Factoid Questions With Recurrent Neural Networks: The 30M Factoid Question-Answer Corpus.	ACL (1)	2016	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Alvin Andhika Zulen, Ayu Purwarianti	Study and Implementation of Monolingual Approach on Indonesian Question Answering for Factoid and Non-Factoid Question.	PACLIC	2011	DBLP BibTeX RDF
38	Xiaohua Zhou, Palakorn Achananuparp, E. K. Park, Xiaohua Hu 0001, Xiaodan Zhang	AskDragon: a redundancy-based factoid question answering system with lightweight local context analysis.	JCDL	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	answer generation, answer scoring, local context analysis, redundancy-based approach, question answering
38	Jiang Bian 0002, Yandong Liu, Eugene Agichtein, Hongyuan Zha	Finding the right facts in the crowd: factoid question answering over social media.	WWW	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	community, ranking, question answering
38	Eugene Agichtein, Silviu Cucerzan, Eric Brill	Analysis of factoid questions for effective relation extraction.	SIGIR	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	question answering, query log analysis, relation extraction
34	Bahadorreza Ofoghi, John Yearwood, Liping Ma	FrameNet-Based Fact-Seeking Answer Processing: A Study of Semantic Alignment Techniques and Lexical Coverage.	Australasian Conference on Artificial Intelligence	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Fact-Seeking Question Answering, Lexical Coverage, FrameNet
34	Daniel Ferrés, Samir Kanaan, Alicia Ageno, Edgar González, Horacio Rodríguez, Jordi Turmo	The TALP-QA System for Spanish at CLEF 2005.	CLEF	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
34	Daniel Ferrés, Samir Kanaan, Alicia Ageno, Edgar González, Horacio Rodríguez, Mihai Surdeanu, Jordi Turmo	The TALP-QA System for Spanish at CLEF 2004: Structural and Hierarchical Relaxing of Semantic Constraints.	CLEF	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
29	Palakorn Achananuparp, Xiaohua Hu 0001, Xiaohua Zhou, Xiaodan Zhang	Utilizing Semantic, Syntactic, and Question Category Information for Automated Digital Reference Services.	ICADL	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Question similarity, question categories, answer reuse, factoid questions, semantic and syntactic techniques, question answering, sentence similarity
21	Chenhe Dong, Ying Shen 0001, Shiyang Lin, Zhenzhou Lin, Yang Deng 0002	A Unified Framework for Contextual and Factoid Question Generation.	IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng.	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Jamshid Mozafari, Anubhav Jangra, Adam Jatowt	TriviaHG: A Dataset for Automatic Hint Generation from Factoid Questions.	CoRR	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Vipula Rawte, S. M. Towhidul Islam Tonmoy, Krishnav Rajbangshi, Shravani Nag, Aman Chadha, Amit P. Sheth, Amitava Das	FACTOID: FACtual enTailment fOr hallucInation Detection.	CoRR	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Jun Bai, Chuantao Yin, Jianfei Zhang, Yanmeng Wang, Yi Dong, Wenge Rong, Zhang Xiong 0001	Adversarial Knowledge Distillation Based Biomedical Factoid Question Answering.	IEEE ACM Trans. Comput. Biol. Bioinform.	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Mikhail Salnikov, Hai Le, Prateek Rajput, Irina Nikishina, Pavel Braslavski, Valentin Malykh, Alexander Panchenko	Large Language Models Meet Knowledge Graphs to Answer Factoid Questions.	CoRR	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Mikhail Salnikov, Hai Le, Prateek Rajput, Irina Nikishina, Pavel Braslavski, Valentin Malykh, Alexander Panchenko	Large Language Models Meet Knowledge Graphs to Answer Factoid Questions.	PACLIC	2023	DBLP BibTeX RDF
21	Valeria Bolotova-Baranova, Vladislav Blinov, Sofya Filippova, Falk Scholer, Mark Sanderson	WikiHowQA: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Multi-Document Non-Factoid Question Answering.	ACL (1)	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Yue Hu, Haitong Yang, Guangyou Zhou, Jimmy Xiangji Huang	Generating Factoid Questions with Question Type Enhanced Representation and Attention-based Copy Mechanism.	ACM Trans. Asian Low Resour. Lang. Inf. Process.	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Keqin Peng, Chuantao Yin, Wenge Rong, Chenghua Lin, Deyu Zhou, Zhang Xiong 0001	Named Entity Aware Transfer Learning for Biomedical Factoid Question Answering.	IEEE ACM Trans. Comput. Biol. Bioinform.	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Eduardo Gabriel Cortes, Vinicius Woloszyn, Dante Barone, Sebastian Möller 0001, Renata Vieira	A systematic review of question answering systems for non-factoid questions.	J. Intell. Inf. Syst.	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Zhifeng Hao, Junhao Chen, Wen Wen, Biao Wu, Ruichu Cai	Motif-based memory networks for complex-factoid question answering.	Neurocomputing	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Ivan Stelmakh, Yi Luan, Bhuwan Dhingra, Ming-Wei Chang	ASQA: Factoid Questions Meet Long-Form Answers.	CoRR	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Dimitris Pappas, Prodromos Malakasiotis, Ion Androutsopoulos	Data Augmentation for Biomedical Factoid Question Answering.	CoRR	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Flora Sakketou, Joan Plepi, Riccardo Cervero, Henri-Jacques Geiss, Paolo Rosso, Lucie Flek	FACTOID: A New Dataset for Identifying Misinformation Spreaders and Political Bias.	CoRR	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Sa Xu	A Knowledge Reasoning Model Based on Non-Factoid Information Enhancement.	ICIT	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Zhiling Jin, Yu Hong, Hongyu Zhu 0002, Jianmin Yao, Min Zhang 0005	Bi-granularity Adversarial Training for Non-factoid Answer Retrieval.	ECIR (1)	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Ivan Stelmakh, Yi Luan, Bhuwan Dhingra, Ming-Wei Chang	ASQA: Factoid Questions Meet Long-Form Answers.	EMNLP	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Marwah Alaofi	User-centered Non-factoid Answer Retrieval.	SIGIR	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Valeria Bolotova, Vladislav Blinov, Falk Scholer, W. Bruce Croft, Mark Sanderson	A Non-Factoid Question-Answering Taxonomy.	SIGIR	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Dimitris Pappas, Prodromos Malakasiotis, Ion Androutsopoulos	Data Augmentation for Biomedical Factoid Question Answering.	BioNLP@ACL	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Flora Sakketou, Joan Plepi, Riccardo Cervero, Henri-Jacques Geiss, Paolo Rosso, Lucie Flek	FACTOID: A New Dataset for Identifying Misinformation Spreaders and Political Bias.	LREC	2022	DBLP BibTeX RDF
21	Morteza Zihayat, Rochelle Etwaroo	A non-factoid question answering system for prior art search.	Expert Syst. Appl.	2021	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Mingqi Lv, Hao Zhang, Kang-Jun Zhu, Chao Huang, Tieming Chen	A Domain-Specific Non-Factoid Question Answering System based on Terminology Mining and Siamese Neural Network.	J. Inf. Sci. Eng.	2021	DBLP BibTeX RDF
21	Abhishek Narayanan, Abijna Rao, Abhishek Prasad, Natarajan Subramanyam	VQA as a factoid question answering problem: A novel approach for knowledge-aware and explainable visual question answering.	Image Vis. Comput.	2021	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Manvi Breja, Sanjay Kumar Jain	Analyzing Linguistic Features for Classifying Why-Type Non-Factoid Questions.	Int. J. Inf. Technol. Web Eng.	2021	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Chen Zhao 0009, Chenyan Xiong, Xin Qian, Jordan L. Boyd-Graber	Complex Factoid Question Answering with a Free-Text Knowledge Graph.	CoRR	2021	DBLP BibTeX RDF
21	Manas Jain, Sriparna Saha 0001, Pushpak Bhattacharyya, Gladvin Chinnadurai, Manish Kumar Vatsa	Natural Answer Generation: From Factoid Answer to Full-length Answer using Grammar Correction.	CoRR	2021	DBLP BibTeX RDF
21	Urvashi Khanna, Diego Mollá	Transformer-based Language Models for Factoid Question Answering at BioASQ9b.	CoRR	2021	DBLP BibTeX RDF
21	Akila Devi T. R., K. Javubar Sathick, A. Abdul Azeez Khan, L. Arun Raj	A Novel Framework Using Zero Shot Learning Technique for a Non-Factoid Question Answering System.	Int. J. Web Based Learn. Teach. Technol.	2021	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Md. Mahmud Uz Zaman, Stefan Schaffer, Tatjana Scheffler	Factoid and Open-Ended Question Answering with BERT in the Museum Domain.	Qurator	2021	DBLP BibTeX RDF
21	Thomas Ploumis, Isidoros Perikos, Foteini Grivokostopoulou, Ioannis Hatzilygeroudis	A Factoid based Question Answering System based on Dependency Analysis and Wikidata.	IISA	2021	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Amir Soleimani, Christof Monz, Marcel Worring	NLQuAD: A Non-Factoid Long Question Answering Data Set.	EACL	2021	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Hajer Maraoui, Kais Haddar, Laurent Romary	Arabic factoid Question-Answering system for Islamic sciences using normalized corpora.	KES	2021	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Urvashi Khanna, Diego Mollá	Transformer-based Language Models for Factoid Question Answering at BioASQ9b.	CLEF (Working Notes)	2021	DBLP BibTeX RDF
21	Xia Yang, Meng-Fen Chiang, Wang-Chien Lee, Yi Chang 0001	Cost-Effective Knowledge Graph Reasoning for Complex Factoid Questions.	IJCNN	2021	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Berkant Barla Cambazoglu, Valeria Bolotova-Baranova, Falk Scholer, Mark Sanderson, Leila Tavakoli, W. Bruce Croft	Quantifying Human-Perceived Answer Utility in Non-factoid Question Answering.	CHIIR	2021	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Lakshmi Vikraman, Ali Montazeralghaem, Helia Hashemi, W. Bruce Croft, James Allan	Passage Similarity and Diversification in Non-factoid Question Answering.	ICTIR	2021	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Jiuniu Wang, Wenjia Xu, Xingyu Fu, Yang Wei, Li Jin, Ziyan Chen, Guangluan Xu, Yirong Wu	SRQA: Synthetic Reader for Factoid Question Answering.	CoRR	2020	DBLP BibTeX RDF
21	Jiuniu Wang, Wenjia Xu, Xingyu Fu, Yang Wei, Li Jin, Ziyan Chen, Guangluan Xu, Yirong Wu	SRQA: Synthetic Reader for Factoid Question Answering.	Knowl. Based Syst.	2020	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Valeria Bolotova, Vladislav Blinov, Yukun Zheng, W. Bruce Croft, Falk Scholer, Mark Sanderson	Do People and Neural Nets Pay Attention to the Same Words: Studying Eye-tracking Data for Non-factoid QA Evaluation.	CIKM	2020	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Chen Zhao 0009, Chenyan Xiong, Xin Qian, Jordan L. Boyd-Graber	Complex Factoid Question Answering with a Free-Text Knowledge Graph.	WWW	2020	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Makoto Nakatsuji, Sohei Okui	Conclusion-Supplement Answer Generation for Non-Factoid Questions.	AAAI	2020	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Kyungjae Lee 0002, Nan Duan, Lei Ji 0001, Jason Li, Seung-won Hwang	Segment-Then-Rank: Non-Factoid Question Answering on Instructional Videos.	AAAI	2020	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Helia Hashemi, Mohammad Aliannejadi, Hamed Zamani, W. Bruce Croft	ANTIQUE: A Non-factoid Question Answering Benchmark.	ECIR (2)	2020	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Min-Yuh Day, Yu-Ling Kuo	A Study of Deep Learning for Factoid Question Answering System.	IRI	2020	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Valeriya Baranova-Bolotova	Multi-Document Answer Generation for Non-Factoid Questions.	SIGIR	2020	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Tianbo Ji, Yvette Graham, Gareth J. F. Jones	Contrasting Human Opinion of Non-factoid Question Answering with Automatic Evaluation.	CHIIR	2020	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	João Ferreira 0004, Ricardo Rodrigues 0001, Hugo Gonçalo Oliveira	Assessing Factoid Question-Answer Generation for Portuguese (Short Paper).	SLATE	2020	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Muhammad Wasim, Waqar Mahmood, Muhammad Nabeel Asim, Muhammad Usman Ghani Khan	Multi-Label Question Classification for Factoid and List Type Questions in Biomedical Question Answering.	IEEE Access	2019	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Makoto Nakatsuji, Sohei Okui	Conclusion-Supplement Answer Generation for Non-Factoid Questions.	CoRR	2019	DBLP BibTeX RDF
21	Wei Xie 0005, Xin Mu, Roy Ka-Wei Lee, Feida Zhu 0001, Ee-Peng Lim	Unsupervised User Identity Linkage via Factoid Embedding.	CoRR	2019	DBLP BibTeX RDF
21	Yosi Mass, Haggai Roitman, Shai Erera, Or Rivlin, Bar Weiner, David Konopnicki	A Study of BERT for Non-Factoid Question-Answering under Passage Length Constraints.	CoRR	2019	DBLP BibTeX RDF
21	Chen Qu 0001, Liu Yang 0005, W. Bruce Croft, Falk Scholer, Yongfeng Zhang	Answer Interaction in Non-factoid Question Answering Systems.	CoRR	2019	DBLP BibTeX RDF
21	Helia Hashemi, Mohammad Aliannejadi, Hamed Zamani, W. Bruce Croft	ANTIQUE: A Non-Factoid Question Answering Benchmark.	CoRR	2019	DBLP BibTeX RDF
21	Makoto Nakatsuji	Can AI Generate Love Advice?: Toward Neural Answer Generation for Non-Factoid Questions.	CoRR	2019	DBLP BibTeX RDF
21	Dimitris Dimitriadis, Grigorios Tsoumakas	Word embeddings and external resources for answer processing in biomedical factoid question answering.	J. Biomed. Informatics	2019	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Jiwei Ding, Wei Hu 0007, Qixin Xu, Yuzhong Qu	Mapping Factoid Adjective Constraints to Existential Restrictions over Knowledge Bases.	ISWC (1)	2019	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Kelvin Jiang, Dekun Wu, Hui Jiang 0001	FreebaseQA: A New Factoid QA Data Set Matching Trivia-Style Question-Answer Pairs with Freebase.	NAACL-HLT (1)	2019	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Abdalghani Abujabal, Rishiraj Saha Roy, Mohamed Yahya, Gerhard Weikum	ComQA: A Community-sourced Dataset for Complex Factoid Question Answering with Paraphrase Clusters.	NAACL-HLT (1)	2019	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Qiaofei Ye, Kanishka Misra, Hemanth Devarapalli, Julia Taylor Rayz	A Sentiment Based Non-Factoid Question-Answering Framework.	SMC	2019	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Alaa Mohasseb, Mohamed Bader-El-Den, Mihaela Cocea	Domain Specific Grammar based Classification for Factoid Questions.	WEBIST	2019	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Hojae Han, Seungtaek Choi, Haeju Park, Seung-won Hwang	MICRON: Multigranular Interaction for Contextualizing RepresentatiON in Non-factoid Question Answering.	EMNLP/IJCNLP (1)	2019	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Gayle McElvain, George Sanchez, Don Teo, Tonya Custis	Non-factoid Question Answering in the Legal Domain.	SIGIR	2019	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Gayle McElvain, George Sanchez, Seán Matthews, Don Teo, Filippo Pompili, Tonya Custis	WestSearch Plus: A Non-factoid Question-Answering System for the Legal Domain.	SIGIR	2019	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Chen Qu 0001, Liu Yang 0005, W. Bruce Croft, Falk Scholer, Yongfeng Zhang	Answer Interaction in Non-factoid Question Answering Systems.	CHIIR	2019	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Helia Hashemi, Hamed Zamani, W. Bruce Croft	Performance Prediction for Non-Factoid Question Answering.	ICTIR	2019	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Somnath Banerjee 0001, Sudip Kumar Naskar, Paolo Rosso, Sivaji Bandyopadhyay	Code mixed cross script factoid question classification - A deep learning approach.	J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst.	2018	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Xinyu Duan, Siliang Tang, Shengyu Zhang 0001, Yin Zhang 0006, Zhou Zhao, Jianru Xue, Yueting Zhuang, Fei Wu 0001	Temporality-enhanced knowledgememory network for factoid question answering.	Frontiers Inf. Technol. Electron. Eng.	2018	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Thi-Thanh Ha, Thanh-Chinh Nguyen, Kiem-Hieu Nguyen, Van-Chung Vu, Kim-Anh Nguyen	Unsupervised Sentence Embeddings for Answer Summarization in Non-factoid CQA.	Computación y Sistemas	2018	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Evi Yulianti, Ruey-Cheng Chen, Falk Scholer, W. Bruce Croft, Mark Sanderson	Document Summarization for Answering Non-Factoid Queries.	IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng.	2018	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Phuong Le-Hong, Duc-Thien Bui	A Factoid Question Answering System for Vietnamese.	CoRR	2018	DBLP BibTeX RDF
21	Abdalghani Abujabal, Rishiraj Saha Roy, Mohamed Yahya, Gerhard Weikum	ComQA: A Community-sourced Dataset for Complex Factoid Question Answering with Paraphrase Clusters.	CoRR	2018	DBLP BibTeX RDF
21	Daniel Cohen, Liu Yang 0005, W. Bruce Croft	WikiPassageQA: A Benchmark Collection for Research on Non-factoid Answer Passage Retrieval.	CoRR	2018	DBLP BibTeX RDF
21	Alaa Mohasseb, Mohamed Bader-El-Den, Mihaela Cocea	Classification of factoid questions intent using grammatical features.	ICT Express	2018	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Hongzhi Zhang, Xiao Liang, Guangluan Xu, Kun Fu 0001, Feng Li 0030, Tinglei Huang 0001	Factoid Question Answering with Distant Supervision.	Entropy	2018	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF