Search results for "minima"

Hits ?▲	Authors	Title	Venue	Year	Link	Author keywords
110	Hua Li 0003, Anthony J. Yezzi	Local or Global Minima: Flexible Dual-Front Active Contours.	IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	dual front evolution, morphological dilation, global minima, minimal path technique, fast sweeping methods, image segmentation, Active contours, level set methods, curve evolution, local minima
74	Don A. Grundel, Pavlo A. Krokhmal, Carlos A. S. Oliveira, Panos M. Pardalos	On the number of local minima for the multidimensional assignment problem.	J. Comb. Optim.	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Random costs, Combinatorial optimization, Local minima, Multidimensional assignment problem, Neighborhood search
67	Koji Nakano, Stephan Olariu	An Efficient Algorithm for Row Minima Computations on Basic Reconfigurable Meshes.	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.	1998	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Monotone matrices, totally monotone matrices, row minima, basic reconfigurable meshes, cellular system design, VLSI design, search problems, reconfigurable meshes, facility location problems
62	Hua Li 0003, Anthony J. Yezzi	Local or Global Minima: Flexible Dual-Front Active Contours.	CVBIA	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
55	Omer Berkman, Yossi Matias	Fast parallel algorithms for minimum and related problems with small integer inputs.	IPPS	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	integer inputs, prefix minima, range minima, integer domain, domain size, parallel algorithms, parallel algorithms, computational complexity, complexities, running time
54	Cristian Sminchisescu, Bill Triggs	Building Roadmaps of Minima and Transitions in Visual Models.	Int. J. Comput. Vis.	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	3D human tracking, global optimization, model based vision, saddle points
54	Cristian Sminchisescu, Bill Triggs	Building Roadmaps of Local Minima of Visual Models.	ECCV (1)	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	3D human tracking, global optimization, Model based vision, saddle points
47	Amir Leshem, Alle-Jan van der Veen	Blind Source Separation: The Locationof Local Minima in the Case of Finitely Many Samples.	IEEE Trans. Signal Process.	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
47	Ho Yub Jung, Kyoung Mu Lee, Sang Uk Lee	Toward Global Minimum through Combined Local Minima.	ECCV (4)	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
46	Rodrigo I. Silveira, René van Oostrum	Flooding Countries and Destroying Dams.	WADS	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
43	Marco Gaviano, Dmitri E. Kvasov, Daniela Lera, Yaroslav D. Sergeyev	Algorithm 829: Software for generation of classes of test functions with known local and global minima for global optimization.	ACM Trans. Math. Softw.	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	known local minima, test problems generation, Global optimization
43	Marco Gori, Alberto Tesi	On the Problem of Local Minima in Backpropagation.	IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.	1992	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	pattern recognition, pattern recognition, convergence, neural nets, backpropagation, network architecture, learning systems, learning systems, perceptrons, local minima, multilayered neural networks
43	Hung-Han Chen	The Turning Points on MLP's Error Surface.	ISNN (1)	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Error Surface, Escaping Local Minima, Retreat and Turn, Backpropagation, MLP neural networks
39	Mohd. Razif Shamsuddin, Azlinah Mohamed	Baseline Image Classification Approach Using Local Minima Selection.	IVIC	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Signature Baseline, Online Signature, Baseline Extraction, Baseline
39	Minh Hoai Nguyen, Fernando De la Torre	Local minima free Parameterized Appearance Models.	CVPR	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
39	Minh Hoai Nguyen, Fernando De la Torre	Learning image alignment without local minima for face detection and tracking.	FG	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
39	Fernando De la Torre, Alvaro Collet, Manuel Quero, Jeffrey F. Cohn, Takeo Kanade	Filtered Component Analysis to Increase Robustness to Local Minima in Appearance Models.	CVPR	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
39	Nebojsa Jojic, John M. Winn, C. Lawrence Zitnick	Escaping local minima through hierarchical model selection: Automatic object discovery, segmentation, and tracking in video.	CVPR (1)	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
39	Johannes Blömer	Closest Vectors, Successive Minima, and Dual HKZ-Bases of Lattices.	ICALP	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
39	Xinhua You, Bin Fang 0001, Xinge You, Zhenyu He 0001, Dan Zhang 0008, Yuan Yan Tang	Skeleton Representation of Character Based on Multiscale Approach.	CIS (2)	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
36	John L. Klepeis, Christodoulos A. Floudas	Multiple Minima Problem in Protein Folding: aplhaBB Global Optimization Approach.	Encyclopedia of Optimization	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Multiple minima, Global optimization, Protein folding, ?BB
36	Akarachai Atakulreka, Daricha Sutivong	Avoiding Local Minima in Feedforward Neural Networks by Simultaneous Learning.	Australian Conference on Artificial Intelligence	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Simultaneous Learning, Removal Criteria, Feedforward Neural Networks, Local Minima
35	Bumghi Choi, Ju-Hong Lee, Tae-Su Park	Dual Gradient Descent Algorithm on Two-Layered Feed-Forward Artificial Neural Networks.	IEA/AIE	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Dual Gradient, Backpropagation, Local minima
35	John Oliensis	The Least-Squares Error for Structure from Infinitesimal Motion.	Int. J. Comput. Vis.	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	least-squares error, optimization, motion estimation, optical flow, structure from motion, error analysis, ambiguity, local minima, noise sensitivity, shape from x
35	Pierre Soille	Advances in the Analysis of Topographic Features on Discrete Images.	DGCI	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	minima imposition, plateau, lower complete transformation, grey scale hit-or-miss, crest lines, grey scale skeletonisation, Mathematical morphology, watersheds
31	Elena Constantin	Necessary conditions for weak minima and for strict minima of order two in nonsmooth constrained multiobjective optimization.	J. Glob. Optim.	2021	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
31	Andreas Orthey, Benjamin Frész, Marc Toussaint	Motion Planning Explorer: Visualizing Local Minima Using a Local-Minima Tree.	IEEE Robotics Autom. Lett.	2020	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
31	Yusuke Tsuzuku, Issei Sato, Masashi Sugiyama	Normalized Flat Minima: Exploring Scale Invariant Definition of Flat Minima for Neural Networks Using PAC-Bayesian Analysis.	ICML	2020	DBLP BibTeX RDF
31	Yusuke Tsuzuku, Issei Sato, Masashi Sugiyama	Normalized Flat Minima: Exploring Scale Invariant Definition of Flat Minima for Neural Networks using PAC-Bayesian Analysis.	CoRR	2019	DBLP BibTeX RDF
31	Andreas Orthey, Benjamin Frész, Marc Toussaint	Motion Planning Explorer: Visualizing Local Minima using a Local-Minima Tree.	CoRR	2019	DBLP BibTeX RDF
31	Fábio Carlos Sousa Dias	Problema de Árvore Geradora Mínima com Restrição de Grau Mínima e Centrais e Terminais Fixos.		2014	RDF
31	Saïd Salhi, Nat M. Queen	A hybrid algorithm for identifying global and local minima when optimizing functions with many minima.	Eur. J. Oper. Res.	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
31	Sung Kwon Kim	Constant-Time RMESH Algorithms for the Range Minima and Co-Minima Problems.	Parallel Comput.	1998	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
31	Josef Haberl	On global minima of semistrictly quasiconcave functions.	Optim. Lett.	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Semistrictly quasiconcave functions, Quasiconcave minimization, Necessary optimality condition, Generalized convexity
31	James V. Burke, Sien Deng	Weak sharp minima revisited, Part III: error bounds for differentiable convex inclusions.	Math. Program.	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Mathematics Subject Classification (2000) 90C25, 90C31, 49J52
31	Frédéric Vrins, Dinh-Tuan Pham, Michel Verleysen	Mixing and Non-Mixing Local Minima of the Entropy Contrast for Blind Source Separation.	IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
31	Zhi-Quan Cheng, Kai Xu 0004, Bao Li 0002, Yanzhen Wang, Gang Dang, Shiyao Jin	A Mesh Meaningful Segmentation Algorithm Using Skeleton and Minima-Rule.	ISVC (2)	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
31	Iskander Aliev, Peter M. Gruber	Lattice Points in Large Borel Sets and Successive Minima.	Discret. Comput. Geom.	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
31	James V. Burke, Sien Deng	Weak sharp minima revisited, part II: application to linear regularity and error bounds.	Math. Program.	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Mathematics Subject Classification (1991) 41A29, 90C25, 65K05, 90C31, 49J52
31	Younggui Yoon, Jaewook Lee 0001	Solving Hard Local Minima Problems Using Basin Cells for Multilayer Perceptron Training.	ISNN (1)	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
31	Xinge You, Jianwei Yang, Yuan Yan Tang, Bin Fang 0001, Luoqing Li	Skeletonization of Fingerprint Based-on Modulus Minima of Wavelet Transform.	SINOBIOMETRICS	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
31	Shinya Miyajima, Masahide Kashiwagi	A Method Which Finds the Maxima and Minima of a Multivariable Function Applying Affine Arithmetic.	NAA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
31	Israel Cohen	Noise spectrum estimation in adverse environments: improved minima controlled recursive averaging.	IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process.	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
31	Marco Gori, Ah Chung Tsoi	Comments on local minima free conditions in multilayer perceptrons.	IEEE Trans. Neural Networks	1998	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
31	Phillip G. Bradford, Knut Reinert	Lower Bounds for Row Minima Searching (Extended Abstract).	ICALP	1996	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
31	Ignacio Bellido, Gregorio Fernández	Backpropagation Growing Networks: Towards Local Minima Elimination.	IWANN	1991	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
31	Ravi Kannan, László Lovász 0001	Covering Minima and Lattice Point Free Convex Bodies.	FSTTCS	1986	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
31	Amitay Isaacs, Tapabrata Ray, Warren F. Smith	A Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm With Simplex Local Search.	IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
31	Zhong Tao, Hemant D. Tagare	Tunneling Descent Level Set Segmentation of Ultrasound Images.	IPMI	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
31	Piotr Berman, Bhaskar DasGupta, Dhruv Mubayi, Robert H. Sloan, György Turán, Yi Zhang 0002	The Protein Sequence Design Problem in Canonical Model on 2D and 3D Lattices.	CPM	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
28	Saúl Zapotecas Martínez, Carlos A. Coello Coello	A novel diversification strategy for multi-objective evolutionary algorithms.	GECCO (Companion)	2010	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	archiving strategies, convex hull of individual minima, multi-objective optimization
28	Alain Darte, Robert Schreiber, Gilles Villard	Lattice-based memory allocation.	CASES	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	admissible lattice, critical determinant, successive minima, program transformation, memory allocation
28	John Oliensis	Exact Two-Image Structure from Motion.	IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	two-image structure from motion, least-squares error, spherical retina, coplanarity, Sampson error, Structure from motion, triangulation, ambiguity, local minima
28	John Oliensis	A New Structure-from-Motion Ambiguity.	IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	error sensitivity, least–squares error. local minima, Structure-from-motion, ambiguity, projective geometry, bas-relief ambiguity
28	Kazunori Mizuno, Seiichi Nishihara	Local minimum structures of graph-coloring problems for stochastic constraint satisfaction algorithms.	ICTAI	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	local minimum structures, stochastic constraint satisfaction, stochastic search algorithms, large-scale constraint satisfaction problems, locally minimal solutions, local constraint structures, LM pair, stochastic programming, operations research, graph colouring, hill-climbing, stepwise refinement, local minima, constraint theory, graph-coloring problems, graph-coloring problem
28	John Oliensis, Venu Govindu	An Experimental Study of Projective Structure From Motion.	IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.	1999	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	experimental verification, multiframe structure from motion, optimization, calibration, Structure from motion, projective geometry, local minima, Levenberg-Marquardt
28	Erez Shilat, Michael Werman, Yoram Gdalyahu	Ridge's corner detection and correspondence.	CVPR	1997	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Ridge's corner detection, corner correspondence, step edges, local minima points, subpixel localization, feature extraction, local approximation, image surface
28	Yuji Waizumi, Nei Kato, Kazuki Saruta, Yoshiaki Nemoto	High speed rough classification for handwritten characters using hierarchical learning vector quantization.	ICDAR	1997	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	high speed rough classification, hierarchical learning vector quantization, local minima problem, rough classification, fine recognition, HLVQ, adjacent feature spaces, classification speed, overlapping technique, ETL9B, neural network, handwriting recognition, back propagation, feature space, Japan, hierarchical architecture, Chinese characters, handwritten characters
28	Yu-Li You, Wenyuan Xu, Mostafa Kaveh, Allen R. Tannenbaum	On ill-posed anisotropic diffusion models.	ICIP	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	ill-posed anisotropic diffusion models, steepest descent motion, energy surface shape, continuous images, step images, piecewise images, global minima, image processing, image sequences, diffusion
28	Geir Storvik	A Bayesian Approach to Dynamic Contours Through Stochastic Sampling and Simulated Annealing.	IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.	1994	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	dynamic contours, simply connected objects, minimizing energy curves, global minimum energy configuration, simulated annealing, simulated annealing, image analysis, iterative methods, magnetic resonance images, Bayes methods, brain, iterative algorithms, numerical algorithms, active contour models, biomedical NMR, ultrasound images, noisy images, cardiology, Bayesian approach, local minima, left ventricle, image contours, uncertainty measures, curve detection, biomedical ultrasonics, stochastic sampling, human brain, posterior distribution
28	Hong-Chih Liu, Mandyam D. Srinath	Partial Shape Classification Using Contour Matching in Distance Transformation.	IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.	1990	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	partial shape classification, boundary segmentation, translation estimation, rotation estimation, scaling factor estimation, boundary normalisation, 2D shapes, curvature function, local maxima, boundary-matching, chamfer 3/4 distance transformation, partial distance measurement, sharp corners, pattern recognition, picture processing, noise, digitized image, distance transformation, local minima, contour matching, curve segments
28	Radmilo M. Bozinovic, Sargur N. Srihari	Off-Line Cursive Script Word Recognition.	IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.	1989	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	offline cursive script word recognition, word image, stack algorithm, letter segmentation, picture processing, statistical analysis, character recognition, character recognition, character recognition, lexicon, feature representation, local minima
23	Zhenhua Liu 0005, Wenyuan Xu	Zeroing-in on network metric minima for sink location determination.	WISEC	2010	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	sink location privacy, sensor networks
23	Adil M. Bagirov, Conny Clausen, Michael Kohler	Estimation of a Regression Function by Maxima of Minima of Linear Functions.	IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Alberto Seeger, Mounir Torki	Local minima of quadratic forms on convex cones.	J. Glob. Optim.	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Mathematics Subject Classifications 15A18, 58C40
23	Ido Roth, Michael Margaliot	Improving Training in the Vicinity of Temporary Minima.	IWANN (1)	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Leandro Soriano Marcolino, Luiz Chaimowicz	No robot left behind: Coordination to overcome local minima in swarm navigation.	ICRA	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Weixiang Wang, Youlin Shang	A Transformation Function for Finding Better Minima.	ISIP	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	optimization problem, global minimizer, local minimizer, Filled function
23	Abraham K. Ishihara, Shahar Ben-Menahem	Control on landscapes with local minima and flat regions: A simulated annealing and gain scheduling approach.	CDC	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Richard I. Hartley, Yongduek Seo	Verifying global minima for L2 minimization problems.	CVPR	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Johannes Blömer, Stefanie Naewe	Sampling Methods for Shortest Vectors, Closest Vectors and Successive Minima.	ICALP	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Pablo Zegers, Gonzalo Correa	Boosting Learning Machines with Function Compositions to Avoid Local Minima in Regression Problems.	IJCNN	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Boris Kryzhanovsky, Bashir M. Magomedov, Anatoly B. Fonarev	On the Probability of Finding Local Minima in Optimization Problems.	IJCNN	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Samuel Burer, Renato D. C. Monteiro	Local Minima and Convergence in Low-Rank Semidefinite Programming.	Math. Program.	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Low-rank matrices, Vector programming, Combinatorial optimization, Semidefinite programming, Nonlinear programming, Numerical experiments, Augmented Lagrangian
23	Dimitris K. Tasoulis, Vassilis P. Plagianakos, Michael N. Vrahatis	Clustering in evolutionary algorithms to efficiently compute simultaneously local and global minima.	Congress on Evolutionary Computation	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Ben Reichardt	The quantum adiabatic optimization algorithm and local minima.	STOC	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Ising quantum chain, quantum adiabatic optimization
23	Miguel A. Atencia Ruiz, Gonzalo Joya Caparrós, Francisco Sandoval Hernández	Spurious Minima and Basins of Attraction in Higher-Order Hopfield Networks.	IWANN (1)	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	C. Marzban	A Neural Network for Tornado Diagnosis: Managing Local Minima.	Neural Comput. Appl.	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Clifton Davis	A New Application of Local Minima of Interval Functions: Interval-Valued Fuzzy Control.	Reliab. Comput.	1998	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Jacques Martinet	On Successive Minima of Rings of Algebraic Integers.	ANTS	1998	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Klaus W. Wagner	More Complicated Questions About Maxima and Minima, and Some Closures of NP.	ICALP	1986	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Gerald Berman	Lattice Approximations to the Minima of Functions of Several Variables.	J. ACM	1969	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Javad Sadri, Mohamed Cheriet	A New Approach for Skew Correction of Documents Based on Particle Swarm Optimization.	ICDAR	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Juan José González de la Rosa, Carlos García Puntonet, Antonio Moreno-Muñoz	Power Quality Event Identification Using Higher-Order Statistics and Neural Classifiers.	IWANN	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Limin Shang, Michael A. Greenspan	Pose Determination By PotentialWell Space Embedding.	3DIM	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Zhiqiang Zhang, Zheng Tang, GuoFeng Tang, Catherine Vairappan, XuGang Wang, Runqun Xiong	An Improved Algorithm for Eleman Neural Network by Adding a Modified Error Function.	ISNN (2)	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Juan José González de la Rosa, Antonio Moreno-Muñoz, Isidro Lloret Galiana, Carlos García Puntonet, Juan Manuel Górriz	Power Transients Characterization and Classification Using Higher-Order Cumulants and Competitive Layers.	ICANNGA (1)	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	XuGang Wang, Hongan Wang, Guozhong Dai, Zheng Tang	A Reliable Resilient Backpropagation Method with Gradient Ascent.	ICIC (2)	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Péter Horváth 0001, Ian H. Jermyn, Zoltan Kato, Josiane Zerubia	An Improved 'Gas of Circles' Higher-Order Active Contour Model and Its Application to Tree Crown Extraction.	ICVGIP	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Bumghi Choi, Ju-Hong Lee, Tae-Su Park	Alternate Learning Algorithm on Multilayer Perceptrons.	International Conference on Computational Science (1)	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Peter B. Borwein, R. A. Ferguson	Polyphase sequences with low autocorrelation.	IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Renato A. Krohling	Gaussian particle swarm with jumps.	Congress on Evolutionary Computation	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Thierry de Kok, Marc J. van Kreveld, Maarten Löffler	Generating Realistic Terrains with Higher-Order Delaunay Triangulations.	ESA	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Xiaoyi Jiang 0001, Da-Chuan Cheng	Fitting of 3D Circles and Ellipses Using a Parameter Decomposition Approach.	3DIM	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	parameter decomposition, circle fitting, 3D, ellipse fitting
23	Huanwen Chen, Changming Yin, Lijuan Xie	Automatic Discovery of Subgoals for Sequential Decision Problems Using Potential Fields.	ICNC (3)	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Sami Romdhani, Thomas Vetter	Estimating 3D Shape and Texture Using Pixel Intensity, Edges, Specular Highlights, Texture Constraints and a Prior.	CVPR (2)	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Isao Yamada	High-resolution DOA estimation by algebraic phase unwrapping algorithm.	ISCAS (3)	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Farzin Mokhtarian, Sadegh Abbasi	Matching shapes with self-intersections: application to leaf classification.	IEEE Trans. Image Process.	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	David L. Page, Andreas F. Koschan, Mongi A. Abidi	Perception-based 3D Triangle Mesh Segmentation Using Fast Marching Watersheds.	CVPR (2)	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Cristian Sminchisescu, Bill Triggs	Kinematic Jump Processes For Monocular 3D Human Tracking.	CVPR (1)	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Monocular 3D human body tracking, kinematic ambiguity, Covariance Scaled Sampling, high-dimensional search, particle filtering, constrained optimization, inverse kinematics