Search results for "pointer"

Hits ?▲	Authors	Title	Venue	Year	Link	Author keywords
133	Norihisa Suzuki	Analysis of Pointer Rotation.	POPL	1980	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
112	Nicholas Kohout, Seungryul Choi, Dongkeun Kim, Donald Yeung	Multi-Chain Prefetching: Effective Exploitation of Inter-Chain Memory Parallelism for Pointer-Chasing Codes.	IEEE PACT	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
106	Seungryul Choi, Nicholas Kohout, Sumit Pamnani, Dongkeun Kim, Donald Yeung	A general framework for prefetch scheduling in linked data structures and its application to multi-chain prefetching.	ACM Trans. Comput. Syst.	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	memory parallelism, pointer-chasing code, Data prefetching
91	Zhifang Wang, Yiyun Chen, Zhenming Wang, Baojian Hua	Automated verification of pointer programs in pointer logic.	Frontiers Comput. Sci. China	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	pointer logic, alias analysis, software safety, automated verification
91	Jamison D. Collins, Suleyman Sair, Brad Calder, Dean M. Tullsen	Pointer cache assisted prefetching.	MICRO	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
84	Asia Slowinska, Herbert Bos	Pointless tainting?: evaluating the practicality of pointer tainting.	EuroSys	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	dynamic taint analysis, pointer tainting
77	Ben Hardekopf, Calvin Lin	Semi-sparse flow-sensitive pointer analysis.	POPL	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	pointer analysis, alias analysis
77	Michael Hind, Anthony Pioli	Which pointer analysis should I use?	ISSTA	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	interprocedural pointer analysis, data flow analysis
77	Tong Chen 0010, Jin Lin, Wei-Chung Hsu, Pen-Chung Yew	An Empirical Study on the Granularity of Pointer Analysis in C Programs.	LCPC	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
71	Jenq Kuen Lee, Dan Ho, Y. C. Chuang	Data Distribution Analysis and Optimization for Pointer-Based Distributed Programs.	ICPP	1997	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Distributed Pointer Analysis, Array Data Flow Analysis, Parallel C++ Compiler, Pointer Optimizations, Optimizing Compiler
71	Ana L. Milanova, Atanas Rountev, Barbara G. Ryder	Precise Call Graphs for C Programs with Function Pointers.	Autom. Softw. Eng.	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	function pointers, pointer analysis, call graph
70	Jeff Da Silva, J. Gregory Steffan	A probabilistic pointer analysis for speculative optimizations.	ASPLOS	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	speculative optimization, dependence analysis, pointer analysis
64	Thorsten Ehm	Pointer Kleene Algebra.	RelMiCS	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	pointer algebra, pointer structures, embedding, Kleene algebra
63	Yiyun Chen, Lin Ge, Baojian Hua, Zhaopeng Li, Cheng Liu, Zhifang Wang	A pointer logic and certifying compiler.	Frontiers Comput. Sci. China	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	pointer logic, Hoare logic, Proof-Carrying Code, software safety, certifying compiler
63	Ben Hardekopf, Calvin Lin	The ant and the grasshopper: fast and accurate pointer analysis for millions of lines of code.	PLDI	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	pointer analysis
63	Chia-Lin Yang, Alvin R. Lebeck, Hung-Wei Tseng 0001, Chien-Hao Lee	Tolerating memory latency through push prefetching for pointer-intensive applications.	ACM Trans. Archit. Code Optim.	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	linked data structures, pointer-chasing, Prefetch, memory hierarchy
63	Radu Rugina, Martin C. Rinard	Pointer analysis for structured parallel programs.	ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Pointer analysis
63	Kikuo Asai, Noritaka Osawa, Hideaki Takahashi, Yuji Y. Sugimoto, Satoshi Yamazaki, Masahiro Samejima, Taiki Tanimae	Eye Mark Pointer in Immersive Projection Display.	VR	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Eye Mark Pointer, Virtual Environment, Gaze Direction, Immersive Projection Display
63	Markus Mock, Darren C. Atkinson, Craig Chambers, Susan J. Eggers	Program Slicing with Dynamic Points-To Sets.	IEEE Trans. Software Eng.	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Dynamic analysis, program slicing, points-to analysis
63	Zhifang Wang, Yiyun Chen, Zhenming Wang, Wei Wang, Bo Tian	An Extension to Pointer Logic for Verification.	TASE	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
63	Bolei Guo, Matthew J. Bridges, Spyridon Triantafyllis, Guilherme Ottoni, Easwaran Raman, David I. August	Practical and Accurate Low-Level Pointer Analysis.	CGO	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
57	Anthony Allevato, Stephen H. Edwards, Manuel A. Pérez-Quiñones	Dereferee: exploring pointer mismanagement in student code.	SIGCSE	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	null dereference, pointer checking, smart pointer, tdd, test-first coding, test-driven development, memory leak, dynamic memory management, programming assignment, dangling pointer
57	Young Sang Choi, Cressel D. Anderson, Jonathan D. Glass, Charles C. Kemp	Laser pointers and a touch screen: intuitive interfaces for autonomous mobile manipulation for the motor impaired.	ASSETS	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, laser pointer interface, human-robot interaction, mobile manipulation, assistive robot, ALS
56	Yongqiang Qin, Yuanchun Shi, Hao Jiang, Chun Yu	Structured laser pointer: enabling wrist-rolling movements as a new interactive dimension.	AVI	2010	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	performance exploration, structured laser pointer, wrist-rolling movements
56	Liang Zhang, Yuanchun Shi, Boliang Chen	NALP: Navigating Assistant for Large Display Presentation Using Laser Pointer.	ACHI	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Space Segmentation, Presentation Control, Large Display, Laser Pointer, Direct Interaction
56	Martin Hirzel, Daniel von Dincklage, Amer Diwan, Michael Hind	Fast online pointer analysis.	ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	class loading, native interface, reflection, Pointer analysis
56	Hrvoje Benko, Steven Feiner	Pointer warping in heterogeneous multi-monitor environments.	Graphics Interface	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	distributed display environments, multi-monitor, interaction technique, mouse pointer
56	Jianwen Zhu	Towards scalable flow and context sensitive pointer analysis.	DAC	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	high-level synthesis, binary decision diagrams, pointer analysis
56	Michael Hind, Michael G. Burke, Paul R. Carini, Jong-Deok Choi	Interprocedural pointer alias analysis.	ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.	1999	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	pointer aliasing, program analysis, interprocedural analysis
56	Markus Mock, Darren C. Atkinson, Craig Chambers, Susan J. Eggers	Improving program slicing with dynamic points-to data.	SIGSOFT FSE	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	dynamic analysis, program slicing, points-to analysis
56	Jan Sjödin, Carl von Platen	Storage allocation for embedded processors.	CASES	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
56	Ivana Mijajlovic, Hongseok Yang	Data Refinement with Low-Level Pointer Operations.	APLAS	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
56	Bernhard Wess, Thomas Zeitlhofer	On the Phase Coupling Problem Between Data Memory Layout Generation and Address Pointer Assignment.	SCOPES	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
56	Suan Hsi Yong, Susan Horwitz	Pointer-Range Analysis.	SAS	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
56	Yao Guo 0001, Saurabh Chheda, Csaba Andras Moritz	Runtime Biased Pointer Reuse Analysis and Its Application to Energy Efficiency.	PACS	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
56	Manuvir Das, Ben Liblit, Manuel Fähndrich, Jakob Rehof	Estimating the Impact of Scalable Pointer Analysis on Optimization.	SAS	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
56	Brad T. Vander Zanden, Brad A. Myers, Dario A. Giuse, Pedro A. Szekely	Integrating Pointer Variables into One-Way Constraint Models.	ACM Trans. Comput. Hum. Interact.	1994	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	constraints, development tools, incremental algorithms, Garnet
56	Clifford A. Shaffer, Patrick R. Brown	A Paging Scheme for Pointer-Based Quadtrees.	SSD	1993	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
56	Eugene J. Shekita, Michael J. Carey 0001	A Performance Evaluation of Pointer-Based Joins.	SIGMOD Conference	1990	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
56	Ben Hardekopf, Calvin Lin	Exploiting Pointer and Location Equivalence to Optimize Pointer Analysis.	SAS	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
50	Peng Wu 0001, Paul Feautrier, David A. Padua, Zehra Sura	Instance-wise points-to analysis for loop-based dependence testing.	ICS	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	pointer arrays, Java, dependence analysis, pointer analysis, heap analysis
50	Nitzan Weinberg, David Nagle	Dynamic Elimination of Pointer-Expressions.	IEEE PACT	1998	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	pointer-expression, sphinx, sub-expression, SPECint95, memory address, performance analysis, compiler, locality, speech recognition, dynamic, microprocessor, mpeg, cache memory, microarchitecture, jpeg, value, spatial, memory bandwidth, data reuse, temporal, pointer, conditional execution
49	Bassem Elkarablieh, Patrice Godefroid, Michael Y. Levin	Precise pointer reasoning for dynamic test generation.	ISSTA	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	pointer reasoning, software testing, program verification, automatic test generation
49	Daqing Xu, Hisao Kameda	Friend Pointer Registration Strategy and Its Scheme for Mobile Location Management.	AINA Workshops (2)	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	mobile tracking, mobile locating, old switch, new switch, home switch, friend switch, friend pointer, friend node and neighborhood, FPRMP
49	Dzintars Avots, Michael Dalton, V. Benjamin Livshits, Monica S. Lam	Improving software security with a C pointer analysis.	ICSE	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	format string violations, security aws, program analysis, programming languages, error detection, dynamic analysis, vulnerabilities, buffer overflows, software security, pointer analysis, context-sensitive, type safety, software errors
49	Jianwen Zhu, Silvian Calman	Symbolic pointer analysis revisited.	PLDI	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	binary decision diagrams, pointer analysis, call graph construction
49	Wenchao Ma, Yuguang Fang	Two-Level Pointer Forwarding Strategy for Location Management in PCS Networks.	IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput.	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	pointer forwarding, mobility management, location management, PCS networks
49	Thorsten Ehm	Transformational Construction of Correct Pointer Algorithms.	Ershov Memorial Conference	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Paterson/Hewitt, pointer algorithms, destructive updates, program transformation
49	Joe Devietti, Colin Blundell, Milo M. K. Martin, Steve Zdancewic	Hardbound: architectural support for spatial safety of the C programming language.	ASPLOS	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	spatial memory safety, C programming language
49	Markus Mock, Manuvir Das, Craig Chambers, Susan J. Eggers	Dynamic points-to sets: a comparison with static analyses and potential applications in program understanding and optimization.	PASTE	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	calpa, dynamic analysis, program understanding, program optimization, points-to analysis, alias analysis, program instrumentation
49	Zhifang Wang, Yiyun Chen, Zhenming Wang, Wei Wang, Bo Tian	Implementation of Pointer Logic for Automated Verification.	ICYCS	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
49	Suhabe Bugrara, Alex Aiken	Verifying the Safety of User Pointer Dereferences.	SP	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	user pointers, verification, static analysis, operating system security
49	David Hovemeyer, William W. Pugh	Finding more null pointer bugs, but not too many.	PASTE	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	null pointers, Java, static analysis, software quality, bugs, FindBugs, bug patterns
49	Nam Woo Kim, Seung Jae Lee, Byung-Gook Lee, Joon-Jae Lee	Vision Based Laser Pointer Interaction for Flexible Screens.	HCI (2)	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	determining the mouse interaction, recognize laser spot, nonlinear mapping function, camera calibration, Vision-based interaction
49	Noritaka Osawa	Pointer delegation for group collaboration using telepointers.	CHI Extended Abstracts	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	voting, proxy, group awareness, telepointer, group collaboration
49	Yifeng Chen, Jeff W. Sanders	Compositional Reasoning for Pointer Structures.	MPC	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
49	Farooq Ahmad, Petr Musílek	A Keystroke and Pointer Control Input Interface for Wearable Computers.	PerCom	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
49	Jianwen Zhu, Silvian Calman	Context sensitive symbolic pointer analysis.	IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst.	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
49	Zili Shao, Chun Xue, Qingfeng Zhuge, Edwin Hsing-Mean Sha, Bin Xiao 0001	Efficient Array & Pointer Bound Checking Against Buffer Overflow Attacks via Hardware/Software.	ITCC (1)	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
49	Yongsu Park, Yookun Cho	An Efficient Pointer Protection Scheme to Defend Buffer Overflow Attacks.	PARA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	randomization, buffer overflow, system security
49	Martin Hirzel, Amer Diwan, Michael Hind	Pointer Analysis in the Presence of Dynamic Class Loading.	ECOOP	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
49	Satoshi Naito, Yoshifumi Kitamura, Fumio Kishino	Steering Law in an Environment of Spatially Coupled Style with Matters of Pointer Size and Trajectory Width.	APCHI	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
49	Donglin Liang, Mary Jean Harrold	Efficient Computation of Parameterized Pointer Information for Interprocedural Analyses.	SAS	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
49	Radu Rugina, Martin C. Rinard	Pointer Analysis for Multithreaded Programs.	PLDI	1999	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
49	Jakob L. Jensen, Michael E. Jørgensen, Nils Klarlund, Michael I. Schwartzbach	Automatic Verification of Pointer Programs using Monadic Second-Order Logic.	PLDI	1997	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Pascal
49	Sean Zhang, Barbara G. Ryder, William Landi	Program Decomposition for Pointer Aliasing: A Step Toward Practical Analyses.	SIGSOFT FSE	1996	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	C
43	Jean-Christophe Filliâtre, Claude Marché	Multi-prover Verification of C Programs.	ICFEM	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	pointer programs, formal verification and proof, Hoare logic, C programming language
42	Hongtao Yu, Jingling Xue, Wei Huo, Xiaobing Feng 0002, Zhaoqing Zhang	Level by level: making flow- and context-sensitive pointer analysis scalable for millions of lines of code.	CGO	2010	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	pointer analysis, alias analysis
42	Thierry Duval, Cédric Fleury	An asymmetric 2D Pointer/3D Ray for 3D interaction within collaborative virtual environments.	Web3D	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	2D pointer, 3D ray, collaborative virtual environments, 3D interaction, ray-casting
42	Marcio Buss, Daniel Brand, Vugranam C. Sreedhar, Stephen A. Edwards	Flexible pointer analysis using assign-fetch graphs.	SAC	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	summary-based analysis, static analysis, pointer analysis
42	Stephen R. Schach, Tokunbo O. S. Adeshiyan, Daniel Balasubramanian, Gabor Madl, Esteban Osses, Sameer Singh 0001, Karlkim Suwanmongkol, Minhui Xie, Dror G. Feitelson	Common coupling and pointer variables, with application to a Linux case study.	Softw. Qual. J.	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Pointer variables, Definition-use analysis, Linux, Aliasing, Global variables, Common coupling
42	David J. Pearce 0001, Paul H. J. Kelly, Chris Hankin	Efficient field-sensitive pointer analysis of C.	ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	pointer analysis, Set-constraints
42	David Koes, Mihai Budiu, Girish Venkataramani	Programmer specified pointer independence.	Memory System Performance	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	pointer independence, alias analysis, memory performance
42	John Whaley, Monica S. Lam	Cloning-based context-sensitive pointer alias analysis using binary decision diagrams.	PLDI	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	inclusion-based, Java, scalable, logic programming, program analysis, Datalog, binary decision diagrams, cloning, pointer analysis, context-sensitive
42	Pedro C. Diniz, Joonseok Park	Data Search and Reorganization Using FPGAs: Application to Spatial Pointer-based Data Structures.	FCCM	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Custom Computing, Data search and Data Reorganization Engines, Hardware support for Pointer Operations, Field-Programmable- Gate-Arrays (FPGAs)
42	Daniel R. Fuhrmann	Quadtree Traversal Algorithms for Pointer-Based and Depth-First Representations.	IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.	1988	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	depth-first representations, quadtree traversal algorithms, pointer-based representations, data structure, computerised picture processing, computerised pattern recognition, trees (mathematics), nodes, computerized pattern recognition, computerized picture processing, connected-component labeling
42	Peter Mahlmann, Christian Schindelhauer	Distributed random digraph transformations for peer-to-peer networks.	SPAA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	distributed algorithms, peer-to-peer networks, random graphs, expander graphs
42	Kinga Dobolyi, Westley Weimer	Changing Java's Semantics for Handling Null Pointer Exceptions.	ISSRE	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Greg Stitt, Gaurav Chaudhari, James Coole	Traversal caches: a first step towards FPGA acceleration of pointer-based data structures.	CODES+ISSS	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	traversal cache, fpga, synthesis, hardware/software partitioning, pointers, cad
42	Saravanan Ramamoorthy, Haibo Wang 0005, Sarma B. K. Vrudhula	A Low-Power Double-Edge-Triggered Address Pointer Circuit for FIFO Memory Design.	ISQED	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	low power, memory, circuit design, FIFO
42	Martin Hofmann 0001, Ulrich Schöpp	Pure Pointer Programs with Iteration.	CSL	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Antoine Miné	Field-sensitive value analysis of embedded C programs with union types and pointer arithmetics.	LCTES	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	abstract interpretation, numerical analysis, points-to analysis, critical software
42	Kun Niu, Shubo Zhang, Junliang Chen	An Initializing Cluster Centers Algorithm Based on Pointer Ring.	ISDA (1)	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Wataru Nakano, Takashi Kobayashi 0001, Yutaka Katsuyama, Satoshi Naoi, Haruo Yokota	Treatment of Laser Pointer and Speech Information in Lecture Scene Retrieval.	ISM	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Rafael Asenjo, Francisco Corbera, Eladio Gutiérrez, M. Angeles Gonzales Navarro, Oscar G. Plata, Emilio L. Zapata	Optimization Techniques for Irregular and Pointer-Based Programs.	PDP	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Adam Bakewell, Detlef Plump, Colin Runciman	Checking the Shape Safety of Pointer Manipulations.	RelMiCS	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Keqiang Wu, Resit Sendag, David J. Lilja	Exploring Memory Access Regularity in Pointer-Intensive Application Programs.	IDEAL	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Jianwen Zhu	Symbolic pointer analysis.	ICCAD	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Srinivas Visvanathan, Neelam Gupta	Generating Test Data for Functions with Pointer Inputs.	ASE	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	iterative relaxation methods, Test data generation, dynamic data structures, path testing
42	Suan Hsi Yong, Susan Horwitz, Thomas W. Reps	Pointer Analysis for Programs with Structures and Casting.	PLDI	1999	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Amir Roth, Gurindar S. Sohi	Effective Jump-Pointer Prefetching for Linked Data Structures.	ISCA	1999	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Qiang Liu, Zhaoqing Zhang, Xiaomei Ji	Eliminating two kinds of data flow inaccuracy in the presence of pointer aliasing.	APDC	1997	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	William Landi, Barbara G. Ryder, Sean Zhang	Interprocedural Side Effect Analysis With Pointer Aliasing.	PLDI	1993	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	C
42	D. A. Thomas, Bernard Pagurek, Raymond J. A. Buhr	Validation Algorithms for Pointer Values in DBTG DataBases.	ACM Trans. Database Syst.	1977	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	database utilities, validation, database integrity, type checking
42	Xingbin Zhang, Andrew A. Chien	Dynamic Pointer Alignment: Tiling and Communication Optimizations for Parallel Pointer-based Computations.	PPoPP	1997	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Peyman Afshani, Lars Arge, Kasper Dalgaard Larsen	Orthogonal range reporting: query lower bounds, optimal structures in 3-d, and higher-dimensional improvements.	SCG	2010	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	orthogonal range reporting, pointer machine, data structures, lower bounds
35	Kentaro Ishii, Shengdong Zhao, Masahiko Inami, Takeo Igarashi, Michita Imai	Designing Laser Gesture Interface for Robot Control.	INTERACT (2)	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	stroke gesture, user interface, human-robot interaction, laser pointer
35	Ruilian Zhao, Qing Li	Automatic Test Generation for Dynamic Data Structures.	SERA	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	dynamic pointer data, least restrictive shape, automatic test data generation, path testing
35	V. Benjamin Livshits, Monica S. Lam	Tracking pointers with path and context sensitivity for bug detection in C programs.	ESEC / SIGSOFT FSE	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	SSA representation, program analysis, error detection, software security, pointer analysis, program representation, context-sensitive analysis, buffer overruns, path-sensitive analysis, security flaws
35	Martin P. Ward	Derivation of Data Intensive Algorithms by Formal Transformation: The Schnorr-Waite Graph Marking Algorithm.	IEEE Trans. Software Eng.	1996	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	transformational development, graph marking, Schorr-Waite, ghost variables, recursion removal, pointer switching, refinement, transformation, Program development, data refinement