Search results for "postures"

Hits ?▲	Authors	Title	Venue	Year	Link	Author keywords
64	Chikahito Nakajima	Posture recognition of nuclear power plant operators by supervised learning.	ICIP	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
64	Marco Pasch, Ronald Poppe	Person or Puppet? The Role of Stimulus Realism in Attributing Emotion to Static Body Postures.	ACII	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	body postures, emotion recognition, Nonverbal behavior
64	Jochen Triesch, Christoph von der Malsburg	Robust classification of hand postures against complex backgrounds.	FG	1996	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	hand postures, recognition of faces, classification, image classification, complex backgrounds, grey-level images, elastic graph matching
60	Wanqing Li 0001, Zhengyou Zhang, Zicheng Liu 0001	Expandable Data-Driven Graphical Modeling of Human Actions Based on Salient Postures.	IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol.	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
57	Andreas Zinnen, Kristof Van Laerhoven, Bernt Schiele	Toward Recognition of Short and Non-repetitive Activities from Wearable Sensors.	AmI	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	HMMs, activity recognition, postures
53	Ignasi Rius, Daniel Rowe, Jordi Gonzàlez 0001, F. Xavier Roca	A 3D Dynamic Model of Human Actions for Probabilistic Image Tracking.	IbPRIA (1)	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
53	Lim Hock Wyi Aloysius, Guo Dong, Zhiyong Huang, Tele Tan	Human posture recognition in video sequence using pseudo 2-D hidden Markov models.	ICARCV	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
53	Jean-Christophe Terrillon, Arnaud Pilpré, Yoshinori Niwa, Kazuhiko Yamamoto	Robust Face Detection and Hand Posture Recognition in Color Images for Human-Machine Interaction.	ICPR (1)	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
53	Andrea Kleinsmith, P. Ravindra De Silva, Nadia Bianchi-Berthouze	Recognizing Emotion from Postures: Cross-Cultural Differences in User Modeling.	User Modeling	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	affective body postures, embodied animated agents, intercultural differences, user modeling, Affective communication
53	Matthew A. Brunsman, Hein A. M. Daanen, Kathleen M. Robinette	Optimal Postures and Positioning for Human Body Scanning.	3DIM	1997	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	optimal postures, human body scanning, engineering anthropometry, human body measurement, positioning, anthropology
49	Takeshi Miura, Kazutaka Mitobe, Takaaki Kaiga, Takashi Yukawa, Toshiyuki Taniguchi, Hideo Tamamoto	Extraction of characteristic postures in a dance by statistical analysis of a database of motion data.	SIGGRAPH Posters	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
49	Bilge Mutlu, Andreas Krause 0001, Jodi Forlizzi, Carlos Guestrin, Jessica K. Hodgins	Robust, low-cost, non-intrusive sensing and recognition of seated postures.	UIST	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	machine learning, ubiquitous computing, haptic interfaces, sensor technologies, personal technologies
49	Dimitri Ognibene, Angelo Rega, Gianluca Baldassarre	A Model of Reaching that Integrates Reinforcement Learning and Population Encoding of Postures.	SAB	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
49	Yizhar Or, Elon Rimon	Robust Multiple-contact Postures in a Two-dimensional Gravitational Field.	ICRA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
49	Isaac Cohen, Hongxia Li	Inference of Human Postures by Classification of 3D Human Body Shape.	AMFG	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Holger Harms, Oliver Amft, Gerhard Tröster, Mirjam Appert, Roland Müller, Andreas Meyer-Heim	Wearable therapist: sensing garments for supporting children improve posture.	UbiComp	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	back posture, smart garments, smash, rehabilitation
42	Behdad Masih-Tehrani, Farrokh Janabi-Sharifi	Kinematic and Dynamic Dexterity measures for posture prediction.	IROS	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Wanqing Li 0001, Zhengyou Zhang, Zicheng Liu 0001	Graphical modeling and decoding of human actions.	MMSP	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Hiroshi Fukuda, Naoya Kakutani, Naohiro Fukumura, Yoji Uno	A Neural Network Model for Planning Force and Posture in Three-digit Object Holding.	IJCNN	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Chenglong Fu 0001, Mei Shuai, Yuanlin Huang, Jianmei Wang, Ken Chen 0002	Parametric Walking Patterns and Optimum Atlases for Underactuated Biped Robots.	IROS	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Bau-Cheng Shen, Huang-Chia Shih, Chung-Lin Huang	Real-time human motion capturing system.	ICIP (2)	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Ignasi Rius, Daniel Rowe, Jordi Gonzàlez 0001, F. Xavier Roca	3D Action Modeling and Reconstruction for 2D Human Body Tracking.	ICAPR (2)	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Jordi Gonzàlez 0001, Xavier Varona, F. Xavier Roca, Juan José Villanueva	Analysis of Human Walking Based on aSpaces.	AMDO	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Jin Ok Kim, Bum Ro Lee, Chin Hyun Chung, Jun Hwang, Woongjae Lee	The Uniform Posture Map Algorithm for the Real-Time Interactive Motion Transitions of an Articulated Body.	International Conference on Computational Science	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Jin Ok Kim, Bum Ro Lee, Chin Hyun Chung	A Real-Time Natural Motion Edit by the Uniform Posture Map Algorithm.	ICCSA (3)	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
42	Andreas Riener, Alois Ferscha, Michael Matscheko	Intelligent Vehicle Handling: Steering and Body Postures While Cornering.	ARCS	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Intelligent Driver Assistance Systems, Vehicle Handling, Car and Road Safety, Sitting Postures, Pattern Recognition, Embedded Systems
42	Joshua D. Guttman	Filtering Postures: Local Enforcement for Global Policies.	S&P	1997	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	filtering postures, global policy local enforcement, global network access control, optimal service, network topology, security policy, routers, authorisation, packet filtering, prototype implementation
39	Mariusz Flasinski, Janusz Jurek, Szymon Myslinski	Multi-agent System for Recognition of Hand Postures.	ICCS (2)	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	ETPL(k) graph grammar, pattern recognition, multi-agent system
39	Deborah Goshorn, Juan P. Wachs, Mathias Kölsch	The Multi-level Learning and Classification of Multi-class Parts-Based Representations of U.S. Marine Postures.	CIARP	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
39	Yizhar Or, Elon Rimon	On the hybrid dynamics of planar mechanisms supported by frictional contacts. II: stability of two-contact rigid body postures.	ICRA	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
39	Yan Chen 0020, Qiang Wu 0001, Xiangjian He, Chunhua Du, Jie Yang 0002	Extracting key postures in a human action video sequence.	MMSP	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
39	Rui Ishiyama, Hiroo Ikeda, Shizuo Sakamoto	A Compact Model of Human Postures Extracting Common Motion from Individual Samples.	ICPR (1)	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
39	Vincent Girondel, Laurent Bonnaud, Alice Caplier, Michèle Rombaut	Static human body postures recognition in video sequences using the belief theory.	ICIP (2)	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
39	Yijun Xiao, Paul Siebert, Naoufel Werghi	Topological Segmentation of Discrete Human Body Shapes in Various Postures Based on Geodesic Distance.	ICPR (3)	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
39	Dong-Wan Kang, Yuichi Onuma, Jun Ohya	Estimating Complicated and Overlapped Human Body Postures by Wearing a Multiple-Colored Suit Using Color Information Processing.	FGR	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
39	Thomas Hermann 0001, Claudia Nölker, Helge J. Ritter	Hand Postures for Sonification Control.	Gesture Workshop	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Yoshihisa Shinagawa, Jun-ichi Nakajima, Tosiyasu L. Kunii, Kazuhiro Hara	Capturing and analyzing stability of human body motions using video cameras.	CA	1997	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	human body motion stability, sports instruction systems, human motion simulation, three dimensional volume, human postures, traditional Chinese martial art, Shorinji Kempo, robots, motion capturing, computer animation, multiple views, movies, human body model, video cameras
35	Maxime Delorme	Modélisation du squelette pour la génération réaliste de postures de la langue des signes française. (Skeleton modelling for the realistic generation of french sign language postures).		2011	RDF
32	Chia-Feng Juang, Chia-Ming Chang	Human Body Posture Classification by a Neural Fuzzy Network and Home Care System Application.	IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part A	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
32	Feng Wang 0036, Chong-Wah Ngo, Ting-Chuen Pong	Lecture Video Enhancement and Editing by Integrating Posture, Gesture, and Text.	IEEE Trans. Multim.	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
32	Ignasi Rius, Xavier Varona, F. Xavier Roca, Jordi Gonzàlez 0001	Posture Constraints for Bayesian Human Motion Tracking.	AMDO	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
32	Rachid Kadouche, Mounir Mokhtari, Marc Maier	Modeling of the Residual Capability for People with Severe Motor Disabilities: Analysis of Hand Posture.	User Modeling	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
32	Cristóbal Curio, Martin A. Giese	Combining View-Based and Model-Based Tracking of Articulated Human Movements.	WACV/MOTION	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
32	Katsuaki Kawachi, Takeo Kanade, Hiromasa Suzuki	A lightweight algorithm for real-time motion synthesis.	VRST	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	character animation, inverse kinematics
32	Marco Leo, Tiziana D'Orazio, I. Gnoni, Paolo Spagnolo, Arcangelo Distante	Complex Human Activity Recognition for Monitoring Wide Outdoor Environments.	ICPR (4)	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
32	Ikuo Mizuuchi, Yuto Nakanishi, Tomoaki Yoshikai, Masayuki Inaba, Hirochika Inoue	Body Information Acquisition System of Redundant Musculo-Skeletal Humanoid.	ISER	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
32	Kazuhiko Takahashi, Shin-ichi Sugakawa	Remarks on human posture classification using self-organizing map.	SMC (3)	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
32	M. Masudur Rahman 0002, Kazuya Nakamura, Seiji Ishikawa	Recognizing Human Behavior Using Universal Eigenspace.	ICPR (1)	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
32	Josephine Sullivan, Martin Eriksson, Stefan Carlsson	Recognition, Tracking, and Reconstruction of Human Motion.	AMDO	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
28	Joanna Marnik	The Polish Finger Alphabet Hand Postures Recognition Using Elastic Graph Matching.	Computer Recognition Systems 2	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
28	Nadia Zouba, Bernard Boulay, François Brémond, Monique Thonnat	Monitoring Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) of Elderly Based on 3D Key Human Postures.	ICVW	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	3D human posture, posture models, ADLs, event models
28	Georges Beurier, Nicolas Chevalot, Gilles Monnier, Jules Trasbot, Xuguang Wang	Simulation of Digital Human Hand Postures of Car Controls Using a Data Based Approach.	HCI (12)	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	data based approach, car controls, hand, digital human
28	Naoufel Werghi, Yijun Xiao, J. Paul Siebert	A functional-based segmentation of human body scans in arbitrary postures.	IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
28	Satoshi Yonemoto, Hiroshi Nakano, Rin-Ichiro Taniguchi	Avatar motion control by user body postures.	ACM Multimedia	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	virtual environments, avatar, perceptual user interfaces
28	Fabio Wilhelms Damasio, Soraia Raupp Musse	Animating Virtual Humans Using Hand Postures.	SIBGRAPI	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
28	Shoichiro Iwasawa, Jun Ohya, Kazuhiko Takahashi, Tatsumi Sakaguchi, Shigeo Morishima, Kazuyuki Ebihara	Human Body Postures from Trinocular Camera Images.	FG	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Human posture estimation, Trinocular images, Motion capture, Motion analysis
28	Claudia Nölker, Helge J. Ritter	GREFIT: Visual Recognition of Hand Postures.	Gesture Workshop	1999	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
25	Rolf Inge Godøy	Geometry and Effort in Gestural Renderings of Musical Sound.	Gesture Workshop	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	perception-action, key-postures, gestures, perception, Music, geometry, movement, effort
25	Jason J. Corso, Guangqi Ye, Gregory D. Hager	Analysis of composite gestures with a coherent probabilistic graphical model.	Virtual Real.	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Hand postures, Human computer interaction, Gesture recognition, Probabilistic graphical model, Vision-based interaction
25	Philippe Gorce, Olivier Vanel	Behaviour Synthesis of the Erect Stance for a Biped Control.	J. Intell. Robotic Syst.	1997	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	bipedal robot, force distribution, dynamic stability control, human postures
21	Ednaldo Brigante Pizzolato, Mauro dos Santos Anjo, Guilherme C. Pedroso	Automatic recognition of finger spelling for LIBRAS based on a two-layer architecture.	SAC	2010	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	LIBRAS, isolated automatic finger spelling, vision based sign language recognition, neural networks, human computer interaction, sign language recognition
21	Edmond S. L. Ho, Taku Komura	Indexing and Retrieving Motions of Characters in Close Contact.	IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph.	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Keisuke Kawaguchi, Yui Endo, Satoshi Kanai	Database-Driven Grasp Synthesis and Ergonomic Assessment for Handheld Product Design.	HCI (11)	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	digital hand, joint range of motion, grasp synthesis
21	Nghia Xuan Tran, Hoa Van Phan, Vince V. Dinh, Jeffrey Ellen, Bryan Berg, Jason Lum, Eldridge Alcantara, Mike Bruch, Marion G. Ceruti, Charles Kao, Daniel Garcia, Sunny Fugate, LorRaine Duffy	Wireless Data Glove for Gesture-Based Robotic Control.	HCI (2)	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	conveying intentions, military battlefield applications, non-verbal interface, wireless data glove, wireless motion sensing, human-computer interactions, Communications, robot, human-robot interactions, gestures, distributed environment
21	Atsutoshi Ikeda, Yuichi Kurita, Tsukasa Ogasawara	A tendon skeletal finger model for evaluation of pinching effort.	IROS	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Shilei Li, Bing Wu, Jiahong Liang, Jiongming Su	Automatic and Interactive Key Posture Design by Combing the PIK with Parametric Posture Splicing.	INTETAIN	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	posture designing, prioritized inverse kinematics, parametric posture splicing, character animation
21	Hiroaki Egashira, Atsushi Shimada, Daisaku Arita, Rin-Ichiro Taniguchi	Vision-Based Motion Capture of Interacting Multiple People.	ICIAP	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Plinio Moreno, Alexandre Bernardino, José Santos-Victor	Waving Detection Using the Local Temporal Consistency of Flow-Based Features for Real-Time Applications.	ICIAR	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Yizhar Or, Elon Rimon	On the hybrid dynamics of planar mechanisms supported by frictional contacts. I: necessary conditions for stability.	ICRA	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Lizhong Gu, Jianbo Su	Natural hand posture recognition based on Zernike moments and hierarchical classifier.	ICRA	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Atsushi Shimada, Rin-Ichiro Taniguchi	Gesture recognition using sparse code of Hierarchical SOM.	ICPR	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Kazuhiro Kamiya, Mineichi Kudo, Hidetoshi Nonaka, Jun Toyama	Sitting posture analysis by pressure sensors.	ICPR	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Yikai Fang, Jian Cheng 0001, Jinqiao Wang, Kongqiao Wang, Jing Liu 0001, Hanqing Lu	Hand posture recognition with co-training.	ICPR	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Heon Gyu Lee, Kiyong Noh, Keun Ho Ryu	A Data Mining Approach for Coronary Heart Disease Prediction using HRV Features and Carotid Arterial Wall Thickness.	BMEI (1)	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Qiming Wang, Sandy Ressler	Generation and manipulation of H-Anim CAESAR scan bodies.	Web3D	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	CAESAR, VRML, 3D scan, 3D animation, H-Anim
21	Yizhar Or, Elon Rimon	Geometric Characterization and Experimental Validation of Frictional 3-Contact Equilibrium Stances in Three-Dimensions.	ICRA	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Peter van der Meulen 0001, Andreas Seidl	Ramsis - The Leading Cad Tool for Ergonomic Analysis of Vehicles.	HCI (12)	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Jingzhou Yang 0001, Salam Rahmatallah, Timothy Marler, Karim Abdel-Malek, Chad Harrison	Validation of Predicted Posture for the Virtual Human SantosTM.	HCI (12)	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Predicted posture, human performance measures, validation, virtual humans, MOO
21	Mikel D. Rodriguez, Mubarak Shah	Detecting and segmenting humans in crowded scenes.	ACM Multimedia	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	segmentation, object recognition, human detection
21	Hyungil Ahn, Alea Teeters, Andrew J. Wang, Cynthia Breazeal, Rosalind W. Picard	Stoop to Conquer: Posture and Affect Interact to Influence Computer Users' Persistence.	ACII	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Robotic Computer (RoCo), Posture and Emotion, User Studies, Human-Robot Interaction, Affective Interaction
21	Jingzhou Yang 0001, R. Marler, Steven Beck, Karim Abdel-Malek, Joo H. Kim	Real-Time Optimal Reach-Posture Prediction in a New Interactive Virtual Environment.	J. Comput. Sci. Technol.	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	reach posture prediction, human modeling and simulation, virtual environment, MOO
21	Alejandro Jaimes	Posture and activity silhouettes for self-reporting, interruption management, and attentive interfaces.	IUI	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	computer vision, ergonomics, posture
21	Hiroe Hashiguchi, Hiroe Arimoto, Toyohide Sakamoto, Shoji Namikawa	Generation of Large Gymnastic Motions for a Family of Under-Actuated Robots by Zero-Moment-Manifold Control.	IROS	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Liang Wang 0001	From Blob Metrics to Posture Classification to Activity Profiling.	ICPR (4)	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Takahiro Miyashita, Taichi Tajika, Hiroshi Ishiguro, Kiyoshi Kogure, Norihiro Hagita	Haptic Communication Between Humans and Robots.	ISRR	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Elena Sánchez-Nielsen, Luis Antón-Canalís, Cayetano Guerra-Artal	An Autonomous and User-Independent Hand Posture Recognition System for Vision-Based Interface Tasks.	CAEPIA	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Vincent Girondel, Alice Caplier, Laurent Bonnaud	A belief theory-based static posture recognition systems for real-time video surveillance applications.	AVSS	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	P. Ravindra De Silva, Andrea Kleinsmith, Nadia Bianchi-Berthouze	Towards Unsupervised Detection of Affective Body Posture Nuances.	ACII	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	M. Masudur Rahman 0002, Seiji Ishikawa	Robust Appearance-based Human Action Recognition.	ICPR (3)	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Jean-Christophe Terrillon, Arnaud Pilpré, Yoshinori Niwa, Kazuhiko Yamamoto	DRUIDE : A Real-Time System for Robust Multiple Face Detection, Tracking and Hand Posture Recognition in Color Video Sequences.	ICPR (3)	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Jordi Gonzàlez 0001, Xavier Varona, F. Xavier Roca, Juan José Villanueva	Automatic Keyframing of Human Actions for Computer Animation.	IbPRIA	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	G. Somers, R. N. Whyte	Hand posture matching for Irish Sign language interpretation.	ISICT	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Tomohiko Mukai, Shigeru Kuriyama, Toyohisa Kaneko	Natural Human Animation via Learning with Dynamic Manipulability.	Computer Graphics International	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Dynamic manipulability, Virtual human, Hierarchical reinforcement learning, Motion generation
21	Christian Brockmann 0001, Heinrich Müller	Remote Vision-Based Multi-type Gesture Interaction.	Gesture Workshop	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Paolo Spagnolo, Marco Leo, Alessandro Leone, Giovanni Attolico, Arcangelo Distante	Posture Estimation in Visual Surveillance of Archaeological Sites.	AVSS	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Chi-Wei Chu, Odest Chadwicke Jenkins, Maja J. Mataric	Markerless Kinematic Model and Motion Capture from Volume Sequences.	CVPR (2)	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Bruce H. Thomas, Karen Grimmer, Joanne E. Zucco, Steve Milanese	Where Does the Mouse Go? An Investigation into the Placement of a Body-Attached TouchPad Mouse for Wearable Computers.	Pers. Ubiquitous Comput.	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	TouchPad mouse, Evaluation, Wearable computers
21	M. Masudur Rahman 0002, Seiji Ishikawa	Human standing pose detection proposing mean eigenspace.	ICARCV	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Naoufel Werghi, Yijun Xiao	Recognition of Human Body Posture from a Cloud of 3D Data Points using Wavelet Transform Coefficients.	FGR	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Human Body posture, 3D Shape Recognition, Wavelet Transfrom, 3D orthogonal moments
21	Jiangwen Deng, Hung-Tat Tsui	A PCA/MDA Scheme for Hand Posture Recognition.	FGR	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	hand posture recognition, PCA/MDA, Expectation Maximization