Search results for "textbooks"

Hits ?▲	Authors	Title	Venue	Year	Link	Author keywords
72	Ryan L. McFall, Herbert L. Dershem, Darcy A. Davis	Experiences using a collaborative electronic textbook: bringing the "guide on the side" home with you.	SIGCSE	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	active reading, electronic textbooks
63	Dimitris Grammenos, Anthony Savidis, Yannis Georgalis, Themistoklis Bourdenas, Constantine Stephanidis	Dual educational electronic textbooks: the starlight platform.	ASSETS	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	blind students, braille display, loosely coupled dual interaction, non-visual interaction, electronic books, synthetic speech
52	Devanshu Saindane, Sunny Prakash Prajapati, Syaamantak Das	Converting Physical Textbooks into Interactive and Immersive 'Phygital' Textbooks: A Proposed System Architecture Design for Textbook Companion Apps.	iTextbooks@AIED	2023	DBLP BibTeX RDF
52	Thomas J. Schriber, Jerry Banks, Andrew F. Seila, Ingolf Ståhl, Averill M. Law, Richard G. Börn	Simulation textbooks - old and new, panel: simulation text books - old and new (panel).	WSC	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
44	Steven F. Barrett, Daniel J. Pack	Textbooks 101.	Comput. Sci. Eng.	2010	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Textbook writing, textbooks 101, textbook primer, authorship
44	Gultekin Özsoyoglu, Nevzat Hurkan Balkir, Z. Meral Özsoyoglu, Graham Cormode	On Automated Lesson Construction from Electronic Textbooks.	IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng.	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	electronic textbook data models, instructional modules, lesson construction, lesson construction heuristics, lesson complexity, topics, Electronic textbooks
40	Vinay K. Chaudhri, Bonnie E. John, Sunil Mishra, John Pacheco, Bruce W. Porter, Aaron Spaulding	Enabling experts to build knowledge bases from science textbooks.	K-CAP	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	text book knowledge, concept, tables, equations
40	Chia-Hao Chuang, Po-Yao Chao, Hsiao-Kuang Wu, Gwo-Dong Chen	Integrated Textbook: Augmenting Paper Textbooks with Digital Learning Support Using Digital Pens.	ICALT	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
40	Ruth Wilson, Monica Landoni	Evaluating Electronic Textbooks: A Methodology.	ECDL	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
40	H. Willis Means	A content analysis of ten introduction to programming textbooks.	SIGCSE	1988	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
40	H. Willis Means	A content analysis of six introduction to computer science textbooks.	SIGCSE	1987	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
38	Deborah A. Frincke, Matt Bishop	Back to School.	IEEE Secur. Priv.	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	lesson preparation, textbooks, syllabus
38	Ruth Wilson	The "look and feel" of an ebook: considerations in interface design.	SAC	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	evaluation, electronic books, electronic textbooks
35	Chi-Cheng Chang, Tseng-Chuan Chen	Emotion, cognitive load and learning achievement of students using e-textbooks with/without emotional design and paper textbooks.	Interact. Learn. Environ.	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Ioannis Anastasopoulos	Exploring the Content Ecosystem of the First Open-source Adaptive Tutor and its Applications on Intelligent Textbooks.	iTextbooks@AIED	2023	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	Lorenzo Pozzi, Isaac Alpizar Chacon, Sergey A. Sosnovsky	Harnessing Textbooks for High-Quality Labeled Data: An Approach to Automatic Keyword Extraction.	iTextbooks@AIED	2023	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	Francesco Sovrano, Kevin D. Ashley, Alberto Bacchelli	Eliminating Hallucinations: GPT-based Explanatory AI for Intelligent Textbooks and Documentation.	iTextbooks@AIED	2023	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	Rachel Van Campenhout, Michelle W. Clark, Bill Jerome, Jeffrey S. Dittel, Benny G. Johnson	Advancing Intelligent Textbooks with Automatically Generated Practice: A Large-Scale Analysis of Student Data.	iTextbooks@AIED	2023	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	Jordan Barria-Pineda, Arun Balajiee Lekshmi Narayanan, Peter Brusilovsky	Augmenting Digital Textbooks with Reusable Smart Learning Content: Solutions and Challenges.	iTextbooks@AIED	2022	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	Alireza Javadian Sabet, Isaac Alpizar Chacon, Jordan Barria-Pineda, Peter Brusilovsky, Sergey A. Sosnovsky	Enriching Intelligent Textbooks with Interactivity: When Smart Content Allocation Goes Wrong.	iTextbooks@AIED	2022	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	Fizza Tauqeer, Muhammad Khubaib Raza, Myat Su Yin, Saeed-Ul Hassan, Peter Haddawy, Mihai Pomarlan, Suppawong Tuarob	Dental TutorBot: Bringing Dental Textbooks to Life (short paper).	iTextbooks@AIED	2021	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	Rachel Van Campenhout, Jeffrey S. Dittel, Bill Jerome, Benny G. Johnson	Transforming Textbooks into Learning by Doing Environments: An Evaluation of Textbook-Based Automatic Question Generation.	iTextbooks@AIED	2021	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	Lucas Dresscher, Isaac Alpizar Chacon, Sergey A. Sosnovsky	Generation of Assessment Questions from Textbooks Enriched with Knowledge Models.	iTextbooks@AIED	2021	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	Isaac Alpizar Chacon, Jordan Barria-Pineda, Kamil Akhuseyinoglu, Sergey A. Sosnovsky, Peter Brusilovsky	Integrating Textbooks with Smart Interactive Content for Learning Programming.	iTextbooks@AIED	2021	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	Mohanad Alfiras, Janaki Bojiah	Printed Textbooks Versus Electronic Textbooks: A Study on the Preference of Students of Gulf University in Kingdom of Bahrain.	Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn.	2020	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Vidya Bommanapally, Mahadevan Subramaniam, Abhishek Parakh, Parvathi Chundi, Venkata Meghana Puppala	Learning Objects Based Adaptive Textbooks with Dynamic Traversal for Quantum Cryptography.	iTextbooks@AIED	2020	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	Jiuning Zhong, Guangji Yuan, Jianwei Zhang 0004, Mei-Hwa Chen	Using Digital Textbooks as Knowledge Base to Detect Student Idea Development in Collaborative Discourse.	iTextbooks@AIED	2020	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	David Y. J. Kim, Adam Winchell, Andrew E. Waters, Phillip Grimaldi, Richard G. Baraniuk, Michael Mozer	Inferring Student Comprehension from Highlighting Patterns in Digital Textbooks: An Exploration in an Authentic Learning Platform.	iTextbooks@AIED	2020	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	Behnam Rahdari, Peter Brusilovsky, Khushboo Thaker, Jordan Barria-Pineda	Using Knowledge Graph for Explainable Recommendation of External Content in Electronic Textbooks.	iTextbooks@AIED	2020	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	Isaac Alpizar Chacon, Max van der Hart, Zef S. Wiersma, Lorenzo Theunissen, Sergey A. Sosnovsky	Transformation of PDF Textbooks into Intelligent Educational Resources.	iTextbooks@AIED	2020	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	Cynthia Bagier Taylor, Saheel Sakharkar	BEST PAPER AT SIGCSE 2019 IN THE CURRICULUM INITIATIVES TRACK: ')DROP TABLE textbooks;-: an argument for SQL injection coverage in database textbooks.	Inroads	2019	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	Cynthia Bagier Taylor, Saheel Sakharkar	');DROP TABLE textbooks;-: An Argument for SQL Injection Coverage in Database Textbooks.	SIGCSE	2019	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Bart Pursel, Crystal M. Ramsay, Nesirag Dave, Chen Liang 0001, C. Lee Giles	BBookX: Creating Semi-Automated Textbooks to Support Student Learning and Decrease Student Costs.	iTextbooks@AIED	2019	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	Jordan Barria-Pineda, Peter Brusilovsky, Daqing He	Reading Mirror: Social Navigation and Social Comparison for Electronic Textbooks.	iTextbooks@AIED	2019	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	Khushboo Thaker, Peter Brusilovsky, Daqing He	Student Modeling with Automatic Knowledge Component Extraction for Adaptive Textbooks.	iTextbooks@AIED	2019	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	David Boulanger, Vivekanandan Kumar	An Overview of Recent Developments in Intelligent e-Textbooks and Reading Analytics.	iTextbooks@AIED	2019	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	Samuele Passalacqua, Frosina Koceva, Chiara Alzetta, Ilaria Torre 0001, Giovanni Adorni	Visualisation Analysis for Exploring Prerequisite Relations in Textbooks.	iTextbooks@AIED	2019	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	Judy Kay, Bob Kummerfeld	Scaffolded, Scrutable Open Learner Model (SOLM) as a Foundation for Personalised e-Textbooks.	iTextbooks@AIED	2019	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	Isaac Alpizar Chacon, Sergey A. Sosnovsky	Interlingua: Linking Textbooks Across Different Languages.	iTextbooks@AIED	2019	DBLP BibTeX RDF
35	Mrinmaya Sachan, Avinava Dubey, Eric P. Xing	From Textbooks to Knowledge: A Case Study in Harvesting Axiomatic Knowledge from Textbooks to Solve Geometry Problems.	EMNLP	2017	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	William Douglas Woody, David B. Daniel, Crystal A. Baker	E-books or textbooks: Students prefer textbooks.	Comput. Educ.	2010	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Ryan L. McFall	Electronic textbooks that transform how textbooks are used.	Electron. Libr.	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
34	Ivan Kalas, Michal Winczer	Informatics as a Contribution to the Modern Constructivist Education.	ISSEP	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
34	Timothy K. Shih, Te-Hua Wang, Chih-Yung Chang, Tai-Chien Kao, Douglas Hamilton	Ubiquitous e-Learning With Multimodal Multimedia Devices.	IEEE Trans. Multim.	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
34	Tamotsu Shirado, Satoko Marumoto, Masaki Murata, Hitoshi Isahara	Using Japanese honorific expressions: A psychological study.	ACM Trans. Asian Lang. Inf. Process.	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	honorific expressions, Japanese, misuse
34	Ken Abernethy, Kevin Treu, George Piegari, Han Reichgelt	A learning object repository in support of introductory IT courses.	SIGITE Conference	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	information technology, repository, reusable learning objects
34	Giedrius Slivinskas, Christian S. Jensen, Richard T. Snodgrass	Bringing Order to Query Optimization.	SIGMOD Rec.	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
34	J. Paul Myers Jr.	The new generation of computer literacy.	SIGCSE	1989	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
29	Dieter Pfoser, Alexandros Efentakis, Thanasis Hadzilacos, Sophia Karagiorgou, Giorgos Vasiliou	Providing Universal Access to History Textbooks: A Modified GIS Case.	W2GIS	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Content integration, spatiotemporal indexing, Multilanguage content, history content
29	Itaru Tatsumi, Hitoshi Habe, Masatsugu Kidode	Context-oriented Layout Optimization of Large-Print Textbooks.	ICDAR	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
29	Lacey Montgomery, James H. Cross II, T. Dean Hendrix, Larry A. Barowski	Testing the jGRASP structure identifier with data structure examples from textbooks.	ACM Southeast Regional Conference	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	testing, data structures, program visualization, algorithm animation
29	Karin Freiermuth, Juraj Hromkovic, Björn Steffen	Creating and Testing Textbooks for Secondary Schools.	ISSEP	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
29	Thomas VanDrunen	Java interfaces in CS 1 textbooks.	OOPSLA Companion	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	interfaces, polymorphism, CS 1
29	Rocky Ross	Textbooks.	SIGACT News	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
29	Timothy K. Shih, Nigel H. Lin, Wen-Chih Chang, Te-Hua Wang, Hsiau Wen Lin, Hsuan-Pu Chang, Kuan-Hao Huang, Yun-Long Sie, Mon-Ting Tzou, Jin-Tan Yang	The Hard SCORM LMS: Reading SCORM Courseware on Hardcopy Textbooks.	ICALT	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
29	Bernadette Longo	What kind of knowledge gets deposited in textbooks?	SIGDOC	2000	DBLP BibTeX RDF
26	Eric Ayars, Richard Matzner	Books [reviews of "A First Course in Computational Physics, 2nd ed. (DeVries, P. and Hasbun, J.; 2010) and "Numerical Relativity (Baumgarte, T.W. and Shapiro, S.L.; 2010)].	Comput. Sci. Eng.	2011	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	numerical relativity, textbooks, scientific computing, Computational modeling, science education, relativity
26	Rubin H. Landau, Steven Gottlieb	Advancing the Cause of Computation in the Physics Curriculum.	Comput. Sci. Eng.	2010	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	physics curriculum, computational physics textbooks, computational physics, physics education
26	Jim Porter	Software demonstration: Professional Writing Online.	SIGDOC	1999	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	instructional materials, textbooks, World Wide Web, multimedia, WEB, distance learning, distance education
23	Evgenia Sendova, Pavel Boytchev, Eliza Stefanova, Nikolina Nikolova, Eugenia Kovatcheva	Creating a Natural Environment for Synergy of Disciplines.	EC-TEL	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	learner’s motivation, collaborative knowledge building, creativity, Project based learning
23	Masahiko Sato 0001, Takafumi Sakurai, Yukiyoshi Kameyama, Atsushi Igarashi	Calculi of meta-variables.	Frontiers Comput. Sci. China	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	meta-variable, context, ?-calculus, logical framework
23	Sophal Chao, Yenumula B. Reddy	Online Examination.	ITNG	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	privileged and none-privileged users, department, Research Centers, Interested Groups, Authors, Distance Learning, Institutes, Publishers, Corporations
23	Christian Brown, Chris McDonald	Visualizing berkeley socket calls in students' programs.	ITiCSE	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	courseware, internetworking, systems programming
23	Chandrika Jayant, Matthew Renzelmann, Dana Wen, Satria Krisnandi, Richard E. Ladner, Dan Comden	Automated tactile graphics translation: in the field.	ASSETS	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	machine learning, image processing, accessibility, user study, disability, braille, tactile graphics
23	Shaoyong Yu, Shaozi Li	A Cooperative Authoring System for Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language.	CSCWD	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Jonathan Katz	Comparative book review: Cryptography: An Introduction by V. V. Yaschenko (American Mathematical Society, 2002); Cryptanalysis of Number Theoretic Ciphers by S.S. Wagstaff, Jr. (Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, 2003); RSA and Public-Key Cryptography by R. A. Mollin (Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, 2003); Foundations of Cryptography, vol. 1: Basic Tools by O. Goldreich, (Cambridge University Press, 2001).	SIGACT News	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Minoru Uehara	Web CC: A WBT System of Programming for Beginners.	DEXA Workshops	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Chrysanthi Malama, Monica Landoni, Ruth Wilson	Fiction Electronic Books: A Usability Study.	ECDL	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Masahiko Sato 0001, Takafumi Sakurai, Yukiyoshi Kameyama, Atsushi Igarashi	Calculi of Meta-variables.	CSL	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Angela B. Shiflet	Computer science with the sciences: an emphasis in computational science.	ACM SIGCSE Bull.	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Kurt VanLehn, Collin F. Lynch, Linwood Taylor, Anders Weinstein, Robert Shelby, Kay G. Schulze, Donald Treacy, Mary Wintersgill	Minimally Invasive Tutoring of Complex Physics Problem Solving.	Intelligent Tutoring Systems	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	G. J. Erwin, C. N. Blewett	Information Systems Textbook Design for South Africa.	HICSS	1999	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Domenick J. Pinto	Data structures: pointers vs. arrays.when, where and why.	ACM Conference on Computer Science	1988	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Charles M. Shub	The decline and fall of Operating Systems I.	SIGCSE	1987	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
23	Betty Salzberg	Third Normal Form Made Easy.	SIGMOD Rec.	1986	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Hyunjae Kim, Hyeon Hwang, Jiwoo Lee, Sihyeon Park, Dain Kim, Taewhoo Lee, Chanwoong Yoon, Jiwoong Sohn, Donghee Choi, Jaewoo Kang	Small Language Models Learn Enhanced Reasoning Skills from Medical Textbooks.	CoRR	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Junling Wang, Jakub Macina, Nico Daheim, Sankalan Pal Chowdhury, Mrinmaya Sachan	Book2Dial: Generating Teacher-Student Interactions from Textbooks for Cost-Effective Development of Educational Chatbots.	CoRR	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Manfred Nagl	Software Architectures - Topics Usually Missed in Textbooks		2024	DOI RDF
17	Bingjie Shen	Text complexity analysis of college English textbooks based on blockchain and deep learning algorithms under the internet of things.	Int. J. Grid Util. Comput.	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Mengdi Wang, Hung Chau, Khushboo Thaker, Peter Brusilovsky, Daqing He	Knowledge Annotation for Intelligent Textbooks.	Technol. Knowl. Learn.	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Akhila Sri Manasa Venigalla, Sridhar Chimalakonda	TAnnotator: Towards Annotating Programming E-textbooks with Facts and Examples.	Smart Learn. Environ.	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Alfyananda Kurnia Putra, Sumarmi, Syamsul Bachri, Diky Al Khalidy, Imam Arifa'illah Syaiful Huda	Spatial Acumen in the Digital Age: The Transformative Power of STEM-Enriched Mobile Textbooks in Geography.	Int. J. Interact. Mob. Technol.	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Shobhan Kumar, Arun Chauhan 0002	Augmenting Textbooks with cQA Question-Answers and Annotated YouTube Videos to Increase Its Relevance.	Neural Process. Lett.	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Shorsh Mohammed Ismael Ismael, Behbood Mohammadzadeh	Gender representation in EFL textbooks used in state schools in Northern Iraq and teachers' perceptions of gender role stereotypes.	Interact. Learn. Environ.	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Chi-Cheng Chang, Tseng-Chuan Chen	Effects of digitization/mobilization and emotional design of textbooks on emotion, various cognitive load and cognitive performance.	Educ. Inf. Technol.	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Ismail Xodabande, Mohammad R. Hashemi	Learning English with electronic textbooks on mobile devices: Impacts on university students' vocabulary development.	Educ. Inf. Technol.	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Suriya Gunasekar, Yi Zhang, Jyoti Aneja, Caio César Teodoro Mendes, Allie Del Giorno, Sivakanth Gopi, Mojan Javaheripi, Piero Kauffmann, Gustavo de Rosa, Olli Saarikivi, Adil Salim, Shital Shah, Harkirat Singh Behl, Xin Wang 0066, Sébastien Bubeck, Ronen Eldan, Adam Tauman Kalai, Yin Tat Lee, Yuanzhi Li	Textbooks Are All You Need.	CoRR	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Yuanzhi Li, Sébastien Bubeck, Ronen Eldan, Allie Del Giorno, Suriya Gunasekar, Yin Tat Lee	Textbooks Are All You Need II: phi-1.5 technical report.	CoRR	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Yubo Wang, Xueguang Ma, Wenhu Chen	Augmenting Black-box LLMs with Medical Textbooks for Clinical Question Answering.	CoRR	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Janvijay Singh, Vilém Zouhar, Mrinmaya Sachan	Enhancing Textbooks with Visuals from the Web for Improved Learning.	CoRR	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Haifa Alrdahi, Riza Batista-Navarro	Learning to Play Chess from Textbooks (LEAP): a Corpus for Evaluating Chess Moves based on Sentiment Analysis.	CoRR	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Neil Chulpongsatorn, Mille Skovhus Lunding, Nishan Soni, Ryo Suzuki 0001	Augmented Math: Authoring AR-Based Explorable Explanations by Augmenting Static Math Textbooks.	CoRR	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Yijie Dong, Danyang Li	Gender representation in textbooks: a bibliometric study.	Scientometrics	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Chelsea Gordon, Roman Lysecky, Frank Vahid	Less Is More: Students Skim Lengthy Online Textbooks.	IEEE Trans. Educ.	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	David Austin	The Mathematical Community Working To Create Better (And Free!) Textbooks.	Am. Math. Mon.	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Dexia Li	Multimodal Analysis of Image Texts in College English Textbooks using Visual Grammar Theory for Real-time Embeded Systems.	Scalable Comput. Pract. Exp.	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Marco Bombieri, Marco Rospocher, Simone Paolo Ponzetto, Paolo Fiorini	Machine understanding surgical actions from intervention procedure textbooks.	Comput. Biol. Medicine	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Wesley Morris, Scott A. Crossley, Langdon Holmes, Chaohua Ou, Danielle S. McNamara, Mihai Dascalu	Using Large Language Models to Provide Formative Feedback in Intelligent Textbooks.	AIED (Posters/Late Breaking Results/...)	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Sergey A. Sosnovsky, Peter Brusilovsky, Andrew S. Lan	Intelligent Textbooks: The Fifth International Workshop.	AIED (Posters/Late Breaking Results/...)	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Isaac Alpizar Chacon, Sergey A. Sosnovsky, Peter Brusilovsky	Measuring the Quality of Domain Models Extracted from Textbooks with Learning Curves Analysis.	AIED	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF