Search results for "blind"

Hits ?▲	Authors	Title	Venue	Year	Link	Author keywords
21	Andreas Schmid	Retionomorphic Information Processing for Electrical Epi-Retinal Vision Implant Stimulation.	BIBE	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Fredrik Winberg, John Bowers 0001	Assembling the senses: towards the design of cooperative interfaces for visually impaired users.	CSCW	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	auditory input/output, qualitative empirical methods, sound in the user-interface, universal (or disability) access, collaboration, CSCW, user interface design, assistive technologies, sonification, conversation analysis, interaction analysis, cross-modal interaction
21	Andreas Schmid	Stimulation Signal Processing for Intraocular Vision Implants.	CBMS	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Jeffrey A. Bloom, Matthew L. Miller	Informed Detection Revisited.	IWDW	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Nikolai Nefedov	On Subspace Channel Estimation in Multipath SIMO and MIMO Channels.	ICT	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Takayuki Shiose, Kiyohide Ito, Kazuhiko Mamada	The Development of Virtual 3D Acoustic Environment for Training 'Perception of Crossability'.	ICCHP	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Helen Graupp, Keith Gladstone, Leanne Thompson	Haptic Perception of 2D Pictures and 3D Objects: Accurate Mental Representation as a Function of Visual Status.	ICCHP	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
21	Deepa Kundur, Dimitrios Hatzinakos, Henry Leung	Robust classification of blurred imagery.	IEEE Trans. Image Process.	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
20	Le Trieu Phong, Wakaha Ogata	Blind HIBE and its Applications to Identity-Based Blind Signature and Blind Decryption.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2008	DBLP BibTeX RDF
20	Pascal Chevalier 0001, G. Benoit, Anne Ferréol	Direction finding after blind identification of sources steering vectors: The blind-maxcor and blind-music methods.	EUSIPCO	1996	DBLP BibTeX RDF
19	Yuanqing Li, Andrzej Cichocki, Shun-ichi Amari, Cuntai Guan	Analysis of Source Sparsity and Recoverability for SCA Based Blind Source Separation.	ICA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Kun Zhang 0001, Lai-Wan Chan	Enhancement of Source Independence for Blind Source Separation.	ICA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Hyung-Min Park, Jong-Hwan Lee, Sang-Hoon Oh, Soo-Young Lee	Blind Deconvolution with Sparse Priors on the Deconvolution Filters.	ICA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Fernando Rojas 0001, Jordi Solé i Casals, Enric Monte-Moreno, Carlos García Puntonet, Alberto Prieto	A Canonical Genetic Algorithm for Blind Inversion of Linear Channels.	ICA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Mohamed Sahmoudi, Moeness G. Amin, Karim Abed-Meraim, Adel Belouchrani	Contrast Functions for Blind Source Separation Based on Time-Frequency Information-Theory.	ICA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Maria G. Jafari, Samer A. Abdallah, Mark D. Plumbley, Mike E. Davies 0001	Sparse Coding for Convolutive Blind Audio Source Separation.	ICA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Jingyi Zhang, Li Chin Khor, Wai Lok Woo, Satnam Singh Dlay	A Maximum Likelihood Approach to Nonlinear Convolutive Blind Source Separation.	ICA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Paul D. Baxter 0001, Geoff Spence, John G. McWhirter	Blind Signal Separation on Real Data: Tracking and Implementation.	ICA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Nazli Guney, Aysin Ertüzün	Undoing the Affine Transformation Using Blind Source Separation.	ICA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Scott C. Douglas, Zhijian Yuan, Erkki Oja	Average Convergence Behavior of the FastICA Algorithm for Blind Source Separation.	ICA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Cédric Févotte, Simon J. Godsill	Blind Separation of Sparse Sources Using Jeffrey's Inverse Prior and the EM Algorithm.	ICA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Robert Aichner, Herbert Buchner, Walter Kellermann	A Novel Normalization and Regularization Scheme for Broadband Convolutive Blind Source Separation.	ICA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Yoshimitsu Mori, Hiroshi Saruwatari, Tomoya Takatani, Kiyohiro Shikano, Takashi Hiekata, Takashi Morita	ICA and Binary-Mask-Based Blind Source Separation with Small Directional Microphones.	ICA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Abdeldjalil Aïssa-El-Bey, Karim Abed-Meraim, Yves Grenier	On the Identifiability Testing in Blind Source Separation Using Resampling Technique.	ICA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Hiroshi Sawada, Shoko Araki, Ryo Mukai, Shoji Makino	On Calculating the Inverse of Separation Matrix in Frequency-Domain Blind Source Separation.	ICA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Saloua Rhioui, Marc Castella, Eric Moreau	Quadratic MIMO Contrast Functions for Blind Source Separation in a Convolutive Context.	ICA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Mikkel N. Schmidt, Morten Mørup	Nonnegative Matrix Factor 2-D Deconvolution for Blind Single Channel Source Separation.	ICA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Kenneth E. Hild II, Hagai Attias, Srikantan S. Nagarajan	An EM Method for Spatio-temporal Blind Source Separation Using an AR-MOG Source Model.	ICA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Matthieu Puigt, Yannick Deville	Two Time-Frequency Ratio-Based Blind Source Separation Methods for Time-Delayed Mixtures.	ICA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Santiago Zazo, Yolanda Blanco Archilla, Lino García	Blind Spatial Multiplexing Using Order Statistics for Time-Varying Channels.	ICA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Juan Manuel Sanchis, José Joaquín Rieta, Francisco Castells, José Millet	A New Auditory-Based Index to Evaluate the Blind Separation Performance of Acoustic Mixtures.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Koutaro Kamata, Xuebin Hu, Hidefumi Kobatake	A New Approach to the Permutation Problem in Frequency Domain Blind Source Separation.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Alexander M. Bronstein, Michael M. Bronstein, Michael Zibulevsky	Blind Deconvolution Using the Relative Newton Method.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Gaoming Huang, Luxi Yang, Zhenya He	Application of Blind Source Separation to a Novel Passive Location.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Scott C. Douglas, Hiroshi Sawada, Shoji Makino	On Coefficient Delay in Natural Gradient Blind Deconvolution and Source Separation Algorithms.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Sebastien Lagrange, Luc Jaulin, Vincent Vigneron, Christian Jutten	Analytical Solution of the Blind Source Separation Problem Using Derivatives.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Manuel Rodríguez Álvarez, Fernando Rojas Ruiz, Rubén Martín-Clemente, Ignacio Rojas Ruiz, Carlos García Puntonet	Geometrical ICA-Based Method for Blind Separation of Super-Gaussian Signals.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Ivica Kopriva, Harold Szu	Space-Time Variant Blind Source Separation with Additive Noise.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Changkyu Choi, Gil-Jin Jang, Yongbeom Lee, Sang Ryong Kim	Adaptive Cross-Channel Interference Cancellation on Blind Source Separation Outputs.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Hyung-Min Park, Sang-Hoon Oh, Soo-Young Lee	Blind Equalization Using Direct Channel Estimation.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Christine Servière, Dinh-Tuan Pham	A Novel Method for Permutation Correction in Frequency-Domain in Blind Separation of Speech Mixtures.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Samareh Samadi, Massoud Babaie-Zadeh, Christian Jutten, Kambiz Nayebi	Blind Source Separation by Adaptive Estimation of Score Function Difference.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Marcel Joho	Blind Signal Separation of Convolutive Mixtures: A Time-Domain Joint-Diagonalization Approach.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Rubén Martín-Clemente, Susana Hornillo-Mellado, Carlos García Puntonet, José I. Acha	New Eigensystem-Based Method for Blind Source Separation.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Cédric Févotte, Simon J. Godsill, Patrick J. Wolfe	Bayesian Approach for Blind Separation of Underdetermined Mixtures of Sparse Sources.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Francisco Castells, Jorge Igual, Vicente Zarzoso, José Joaquín Rieta, José Millet	Exploiting Spatiotemporal Information for Blind Atrial Activity Extraction in Atrial Arrhythmias.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Kiyotaka Kohno, Yujiro Inouye, Mitsuru Kawamoto	Super-exponential Methods Incorporated with Higher-Order Correlations for Deflationary Blind Equalization of MIMO Linear Systems.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Fabian J. Theis, Anke Meyer-Bäse, Elmar Wolfgang Lang	Second-Order Blind Source Separation Based on Multi-dimensional Autocovariances.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Robert Aichner, Herbert Buchner, Fei Yan, Walter Kellermann	Real-Time Convolutive Blind Source Separation Based on a Broadband Approach.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Masanori Ito, Masashi Ohata, Mitsuru Kawamoto, Toshiharu Mukai, Yujiro Inouye, Noboru Ohnishi	Adaptive Robust Super-exponential Algorithms for Deflationary Blind Equalization of Instantaneous Mixtures.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Alexander M. Bronstein, Michael M. Bronstein, Michael Zibulevsky, Yehoshua Y. Zeevi	QML Blind Deconvolution: Asymptotic Analysis.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Pando G. Georgiev, Fabian J. Theis	Blind Source Separation of Linear Mixtures with Singular Matrices.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Tobias Blaschke, Laurenz Wiskott	Independent Slow Feature Analysis and Nonlinear Blind Source Separation.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Mohamed Sahmoudi, Karim Abed-Meraim, Messaoud Benidir	Blind Separation of Heavy-Tailed Signals Using Normalized Statistics.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Rajkishore Prasad, Hiroshi Saruwatari, Kiyohiro Shikano	Single Channel Speech Enhancement: MAP Estimation Using GGD Prior Under Blind Setup.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Tsuyoki Nishikawa, Hiroshi Saruwatari, Kiyohiro Shikano, Atsunobu Kaminuma	Stable and Low-Distortion Algorithm Based on Overdetermined Blind Separation for Convolutive Mixtures of Speech.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Wenwu Wang 0001, Jonathon A. Chambers, Saeid Sanei	Penalty Function Approach for Constrained Convolutive Blind Source Separation.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Konstantinos I. Diamantaras, Theophilos Papadimitriou	Blind Deconvolution of SISO Systems with Binary Source Based on Recursive Channel Shortening.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Ryo Mukai, Hiroshi Sawada, Shoko Araki, Shoji Makino	Frequency Domain Blind Source Separation for Many Speech Signals.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Bernard Xerri, Bruno Borloz	Detection by SNR Maximization: Application to the Blind Source Separation Problem.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Liangsuo Ma, Ah Chung Tsoi	A Continuous Time Balanced Parametrization Approach to Multichannel Blind Deconvolution.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Luis Vielva, Ignacio Santamaría, Jesús Ibáñez 0002, Deniz Erdogmus, José Carlos Príncipe	On the Estimation of the Mixing Matrix for Underdetermined Blind Source Separation in an Arbitrary Number of Dimensions.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Antti Honkela, Stefan Harmeling, Leo Lundqvist, Harri Valpola	Using Kernel PCA for Initialisation of Variational Bayesian Nonlinear Blind Source Separation Method.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Shahram Hosseini, Yannick Deville	Blind Separation of Nonstationary Sources by Spectral Decorrelation.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Satoshi Ukai, Hiroshi Saruwatari, Tomoya Takatani, Kiyohiro Shikano, Ryo Mukai, Hiroshi Sawada	Evaluation of Multistage SIMO-Model-Based Blind Source Separation Combining Frequency-Domain ICA and Time-Domain ICA.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Wenwu Wang 0001, Jonathon A. Chambers, Saeid Sanei	A Novel Hybrid Approach to the Permutation Problem of Frequency Domain Blind Source Separation.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Christian W. Hesse, Christopher J. James	An Efficient Time-Frequency Approach to Blind Source Separation Based on Wavelets.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
19	Hiroshi Sawada, Stefan Winter 0002, Ryo Mukai, Shoko Araki, Shoji Makino	Estimating the Number of Sources for Frequency-Domain Blind Source Separation.	ICA	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
18	Gursharanjeet Singh Kalra, Rajneesh Talwar, Harsh Sadawarti	Robust Blind Digital Image Watermarking Using DWT and Dual Encryption Technique.	CICSyN	2011	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Frequency domain Robust, Watermarking, Image, DWT, Blind
18	Zhengqiang Wang, Ming Zhao, Xin-e Li	Constrained CMA-Based Blind Multiuser Detection for DS-CDMA UWB in a Realistic Indoor Channel.	ICGEC	2011	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	LCCMA, DS-CDMA UWB, Blind multiuser detection
18	Xiaoming Yao, Wencai Du, Mei Huang, Weihua Wu, Jundong Fu	Pattern-Based Blind Spatial Image Watermarking.	IITSI	2010	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	image pattern, spatial watermarking, robustness, blind detection
18	Chiew Kang Leng, Josef Pieprzyk	Blind Steganalysis: A Countermeasure for Binary Image Steganography.	ARES	2010	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	gray level gap length, run length, pixel difference, steganography, Blind steganalysis
18	Saeed Mosayyebpour, Abolghasem Sayyadiyan, Farhad Tehranipour, Ali Shahbazi	Single-Channel Blind Identification with FIR Filter Design in Frequency Domain.	ICSAP	2010	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	blind identification, single-channel, channel impulse response, FIR filter
18	Michiko Anse, Tsutomu Tabe	Development of a Coloration Support Tool for Making Web Page Screens User-Friendly for Color Blind.	HCI (9)	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	coloration support tool, web page, color blind
18	Gintautas Daunys, Vidas Lauruska	Sonification System of Maps for Blind - Alternative View.	HCI (6)	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	svg language, map, Blind, sonification
18	Fuh-Gwo Jeng, Tzer-Long Chen, Tzer-Shyong Chen	A Blind Signature Scheme Based on Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem.	NCM	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Cash payment system, Elliptic curve cryptosystem, Blind signature, Electronic voting system
18	Guo-Hua Su, Qi Yang, Ping Cui, Ming-Hai Wang	Research of Shrapnel-Pill Dispersing Blind Area's Influence on Damage Effectiveness.	ESIAT (1)	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	shrapnel-pill, dispersing blind area, runway invalidation probability, kill probability
18	Mahdi Khosravy, Mohammad Reza Alsharif, Katsumi Yamashita	A PDF-Matched Modification to Stone's Measure of Predictability for Blind Source Separation.	ISNN (1)	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Eigenvalue routine, Short-term linear predictors, Predictability, Blind source separation, Gaussianity
18	Sangeeta Dhananjay Jadhav, Anjali S. Bhalchandra	Blind Source Separation Based Digital Color Image-Adaptive Watermarking.	ICIG	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Independent Component Analysis, digital watermarking, attacks, Blind Source Separation
18	Tiago M. Dias, Romis Ribeiro Faissol Attux, João Marcos Travassos Romano, Ricardo Suyama	Blind Source Separation of Post-Nonlinear Mixtures Using Evolutionary Computation and Gaussianization.	ICA	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Nonlinear blind source separation, post-nonlinear models, evolutionary algorithms, artificial immune systems, gaussianization
18	Priya Narasimhan, Rajeev Gandhi, Dan Rossi	Smartphone-based assistive technologies for the blind.	CASES	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	assistive technonologies, currency identification, visual impairment, blind, transportation, smartphones, retail
18	Joshua M. Hailpern, Loretta Guarino Reid, Richard Boardman	DTorial: An Interactive Tutorial Framework for Blind Users in a Web 2.0 World.	INTERACT (1)	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Interactive Tutorial, Web 2.0, Visually Impaired, Blind, Tutorial, Screen Reader, Dynamic Content, Help Systems
18	ZuYuan Yang, BeiHai Tan, GuoXu Zhou, JinLong Zhang	Source number estimation and separation algorithms of underdetermined blind separation.	Sci. China Ser. F Inf. Sci.	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	underdetermined mixing model, mixing matrix, fuzzy clustering, blind source separation, sparse representation
18	Yanguang Shen, Hui Xie, Sheping Hao, Wei Wang	A Dynamic Group Blind Signature Scheme Based on Elliptic Curve.	PACIIA (1)	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Dynamic group blind signature, Knowledge signature, Elliptic curve
18	Yingke Lei, Zifa Zhong, Yanhua Wu	A New Hop Duration Blind Estimation Algorithm for Frequency-Hopping Signals.	PACIIA (1)	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Hop Duration, Blind Estimation, Frequency-Hopping Signals, RSPWVD, Adaptive Threshold Detection
18	Wei-Hung Lin, Yuh-Rau Wang, Shi-Jinn Horng	A Blind Watermarking Scheme Based on Wavelet Tree Quantization.	SSIRI	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	blind watermarking method, local significant difference, Watermark, copyright protection, wavelet tree
18	Syed Muammar Najib Syed Yusoh, Yoshihiko Nomura, Naomi Kokubo, Tokuhiro Sugiura, Hirokazu Matsui, Norihiko Kato	Dual Mode Fingertip Guiding Manipulator for Blind Persons Enabling Passive/Active Line-Drawing Explorations.	ICCHP	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Blind Persons, Visually Impaired, Haptic Device
18	Er-Fu Chen, Naitong Zhang, Wei-Xiao Meng 0001	A Novel Grading Noise-Pretreatment Algorithm Based on Time-Frequency Blind Source Separation.	IIH-MSP	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Grading Noise-pretreatment, Wavelet Transform, Blind Source Separation, Empirical Mode Decomposition, Time-frequency Analysis
18	Changji Wang, Rongbo Lu	A Certificateless Restrictive Partially Blind Signature Scheme.	IIH-MSP	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Certificateless Public Key Cryptosystem, Restrictive Partially Blind Signature
18	Jaime Sánchez 0001, Iván Galáz	AudioStoryTeller: Enforcing Blind Children Reading Skills.	HCI (7)	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Learners with visual disabilities, reading skills, PDA, Audio, Text-To-Speech, blind children, pocketPC
18	Chikamune Wada, Miki Asonuma	A Proposal for Distance Information Displaying Method of a Walking Assistive Device for the Blind.	HCI (6)	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Blind, Distance, Tactile, Walk, Assistive device
18	Jeom Goo Kim, Do Hyeon Lee, Jeong-Bae Lee	A Design of Fair Blind Signatures Protocol Using PVNIOT.	ICCSA (2)	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	VNIOT Protocols, Network Traffic, Blind Signatures
18	Chin-Chen Chang 0001, Yung-Chen Chou, Tzu-Chuen Lu	A Semi-blind Watermarking Based on Discrete Wavelet Transform.	ICICS	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	semi-blind watermarking, toral automorphism, Digital Watermark, discrete wavelet transformation
18	Patrizia Andronico, Marina Buzzi, Carlos Castillo 0001, Barbara Leporini	Improving search engine interfaces for blind users: a case study.	Univers. Access Inf. Soc.	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Usability, User interface, Accessibility, Search engine, Blind users
18	Helena Handschuh, Bart Preneel	Blind Differential Cryptanalysis for Enhanced Power Attacks.	Selected Areas in Cryptography	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	combined cryptanalysis, blind cryptanalysis, side channel attacks, power analysis, differential cryptanalysis, Hamming weights
18	Daqing He, Yefei Peng	Comparing two blind relevance feedback techniques.	SIGIR	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	comparison, automatic query expansion, blind relevance feedback
18	Lei Huang, Fu-Chun Zheng	Blind Channel Estimation for Multi-Rate Multicarrier DS/CDMA Communications.	Int. J. Wirel. Inf. Networks	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Blind estimation, multicarrier DS/CDMA, multi-rate systems, multiuser detection
18	Michael Brachtl, Andreas Uhl, Werner Dietl	Key-dependency for a wavelet-based blind watermarking algorithm.	MM&Sec	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	parameterized wavelet filters, wavelet packets, multiple watermarking, blind watermarking
18	Hesham M. Kamel, James A. Landay	A study of blind drawing practice: creating graphical information without the visual channel.	ASSETS	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	GUIs for blind users, non-visual drawing tools, grid, feedback, contextual inquiry
18	Jochen Schneider 0002, Thomas Strothotte	Constructive exploration of spatial information by blind users.	ASSETS	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	orientation aids, augmented reality, blind users, force feedback devices