Search results for "backup"

Hits ?▲	Authors	Title	Venue	Year	Link	Author keywords
25	Anirban Chakrabarti, G. Manimaran	Reliability constrained routing in QoS networks.	IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw.	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	constrained routing, multicasting, resource reservation, fault-tolerant routing
25	Song Guo 0001, Oliver W. W. Yang, Yantai Shu	Improving Source Routing Reliability in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	wireless communication, routing protocol, algorithm/protocol design and analysis, Mobile communication system, multihop ad hoc network
25	Li (Erran) Li, Milind M. Buddhikot, Chandra Chekuri, Katherine Guo	Routing bandwidth guaranteed paths with local restoration in label switched networks.	IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun.	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
25	Peter Vrancx, Ann Nowé, Kris Steenhaut	Multi-type ACO for Light Path Protection.	LAMAS	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
25	Jong Tae Park 0001, M. H. Kwon, W. H. Lee	A Methodology of Resilient MPLS/VPN Path Management Under Multiple Link Failures.	ISCIS	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
25	Dan Wang 0002, Funda Ergün	Path Protection with Pre-identification for MPLS Networks.	QSHINE	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
25	Jen-Hao Kuo, Siong-Ui Te, Pang-Ting Liao, Chun-Ying Huang, Pan-Lung Tsai, Chin-Laung Lei, Sy-Yen Kuo, Yennun Huang, Zsehong Tsai	An Evaluation of the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol Extension with Load Balancing.	PRDC	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
25	Omar Banimelhem, Anjali Agarwal, J. William Atwood	A Tree Division Approach to Support Local Failure Recovery for Multicasting in MPLS Networks.	Systems Communications	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Multicasting, MPLS, Multicast Tree, Network Survivability
25	Srinivasan Ramasubramanian	On Failure Dependent Protection in Optical Grooming Networks.	DSN	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
25	Suzhen Lin, G. Manimaran	A Feedback-Based Adaptive Algorithm for Combined Scheduling with Fault-Tolerance in Real-Time Systems.	HiPC	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	feedback-based scheduling, deferrable server algorithm, fault-tolerance, Real-time systems
25	Jong-Tae Park 0001, Min-Hee Kwon	A Methodology on MPLS VPN Service Management with Resilience Constraints.	ISAS	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	MPLS VPN management, MPLS Recovery Mechanism, Resilience, Fault Management, Path Selection
25	Murali S. Kodialam, T. V. Lakshman	Dynamic routing of restorable bandwidth-guaranteed tunnels using aggregated network resource usage information.	IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw.	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	quality of service (QoS), optical networking, Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS), restoration
25	Lan Tran, Kris Steenhaut, Ann Nowé, Mario Pickavet, Piet Demeester	Efficient Usage of Capacity Resources in Survivable MP lambda S Networks.	QoS-IP	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
25	G. Ranjith, C. Siva Ram Murthy	A Multiple Segmented Backups Scheme for Dependable Real-Time Communication in Multihop Networks.	IPDPS	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
25	Huanqing Dong, Zhanhuai Li	Optimization of Asynchronous Volume Replication Protocol.	APPT	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
25	Dahai Xu, Chunming Qiao, Yizhi Xiong	An Ultra-fast Shared Path Protection Scheme - Distributed Partial Information Management, Part II.	ICNP	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
25	Li Li 0002, Milind M. Buddhikot, Chandra Chekuri, Katherine Guo	Routing Bandwidth Guaranteed Paths with Local Restoration in Label Switched Networks.	ICNP	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
25	Xiao Qin 0001, Hong Jiang 0001, David R. Swanson	An Efficient Fault-Tolerant Scheduling Algorithm for Real-Time Tasks with Precedence Constraints in Heterogeneous Systems.	ICPP	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
25	David E. Avrin, Katherine P. Andriole, Lloyd Yin, Robert G. Gould, Ronald L. Arenson	A hierarchical storage management (HSM) scheme for cost-effective on-line archival using lossy compression.	J. Digit. Imaging	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
25	Enrique Hernández-Orallo, Joan Vila i Carbó	Evaluation of a New Resource Reservation Scheme for MPEG Transmission in Highly Available Real-Time Schannels.	INTERWORKING	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
25	Subhash Bhalla	Improving Parallelism in Asynchronous Reading of an Entire Database.	HiPC	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
25	Dmitrii Zagorodnov, Keith Marzullo, Lorenzo Alvisi, Thomas C. Bressoud	Practical and low-overhead masking of failures of TCP-based servers.	ACM Trans. Comput. Syst.	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	primary/backup approach, TCP/IP, Fault-tolerant computing system
25	Gale D. Fritsche	Desktop data management and security.	SIGUCCS	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	desktop security, encryption, backup
25	Paul Devadoss Ezhilchelvan	Responsive Fault-Tolerant Computing in the Era of Terascale Integration - State of Art Report.	ISORC	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Hardware Integarion, Crash Assumption, Primary-Backup Replication, Announced Crashes, Soft Errors
25	Keelan Cleary, Melissa E. Rycroft	Putting out the fire before it starts: proactive technology support.	SIGUCCS	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	client communication, remote detection, backup, prevention
25	Xianan Zhang, Flavio Junqueira, Matti A. Hiltunen, Keith Marzullo, Richard D. Schlichting	Replicating Nondeterministic Services on Grid Environments.	HPDC	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	nondeterministic service, primary-backup approach, replicated grid service, Web service, distributed systems, synchronous system
25	Qingsong Wei, Bo Chen, Xianliang Lu, Liyong Ren, Xu Zhou	The research of the distributed stripped storage spatial model.	ACM SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev.	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	striped storage, distributed, backup, spatial model
25	Wen-Guey Tzeng	A Time-Bound Cryptographic Key Assignment Scheme for Access Control in a Hierarchy.	IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng.	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	cryptographic key assignment, secure broadcasting, cryptographic key backup, access control
25	Kapali Viswanathan, Ashutosh Saxena	Towards Logically and Physically Secure Public-Key Infrastructures.	INDOCRYPT	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	critical keys, private keys, controlled use, PKI, backup
25	Cristiana Amza, Alan L. Cox, Willy Zwaenepoel	Data Replication Strategies for Fault Tolerance and Availability on Commodity Clusters.	DSN	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	reliable memory, primary-backup, cluster, fault tolerance, replication
25	Thomas C. Bressoud, Fred B. Schneider	Hypervisor-Based Fault Tolerance.	ACM Trans. Comput. Syst.	1996	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	primary/backup approach, virtual-machine manager, fault-tolerant computing system
25	Charles Changli Chin, Shang-Rong Tsai	Transparency in a Replicated Network File System.	EUROMICRO	1996	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	replicated network file system, centralized data sharing, storage stations, modern network environments, high-performance services, Sun NFS protocol, replication transparency, failure transparency, fault-tolerant service, simple primary-backup model, mostly-read environment, high-performance file service, data integrity, transparency, data replication, data consistency, file server
25	Houtan Aghili, Dennis G. Severance	A Practical Guide to the Design of Differential Files for Recovery of On-Line Databases.	ACM Trans. Database Syst.	1982	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	backup and recovery, database maintenance, optimization, hashing functions, numerical methods, reorganization, differential files
25	Dennis G. Severance, Guy M. Lohman	Differential Files: Their Application to the Maintenance of Large Databases.	ACM Trans. Database Syst.	1976	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	backup and recovery, database maaintenance, data sharing, differential files
22	Dan Pelleg, Eran Raichstein, Amir Ronen	Using machine learning techniques to enhance the performance of an automatic backup and recovery system.	SYSTOR	2010	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	file and storage systems, readahead, machine learning, prefetching, systems
22		Continuous Backup.	Encyclopedia of Database Systems	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22		Backup.	Encyclopedia of Database Systems	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22		Backup Mechanisms.	Encyclopedia of Database Systems	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22		Backup Copy.	Encyclopedia of Database Systems	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Ao Ma, Yang Yin, Wenwu Na, Xiaoxuan Meng, Qingzhong Bu, Lu Xu 0001	Scrubbing in Storage Virtualization Platform for Long-Term Backup Application.	ARES	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Pietro Michiardi, László Toka	Selfish Neighbor Selection in Peer-to-Peer Backup and Storage Applications.	Euro-Par	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Eduardo M. Colaço, Marcelo Iury S. Oliveira, Alexandro S. Soares, Francisco Vilar Brasileiro, Dalton Serey Guerrero	Using a file working set model to speed up the recovery of Peer-to-Peer backup systems.	ACM SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev.	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Ho Min Sung, Wan Yeon Lee, Jin Kim, Young Woong Ko	Design and Implementation of Clustering File Backup Server Using File Fingerprint.	Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Xiaobing Zheng, Lei Guo 0005, Xingwei Wang 0001, Yu Zhang, Xuekui Wang	A New Recovery Escalation Algorithm with Load Balancing and Backup Resources Sharing in Path Protected WDM Optical Networks.	NCA	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Raul Muñoz 0001, Ramon Casellas, Ricardo Martínez 0001	An Experimental Signalling Enhancement to Efficiently Encompass WCC and Backup Sharing in GMPLS-Enabled Wavelength-Routed Networks.	ICC	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Shu Wang, Changjia Chen	Source Management Routing Algorithm (SMRA): A Backup Routing Algorithm for BGP.	HPCC	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Yusuke Doi, Shirou Wakayama, Satoshi Ozaki	A Design for Distributed Backup and Migration of Distributed Hash Tables.	SAINT	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Design, Distributed Hash Tables, Durability
22	Feng Wang 0017, Lixin Gao 0001	A Backup Route Aware Routing Protocol - Fast Recovery from Transient Routing Failures.	INFOCOM	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Túlio Cicero Salvaro de Souza, Jean Everson Martina, Ricardo Felipe Custódio	Audit and backup procedures for hardware security modules.	IDtrust	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	PKI ceremony, embedded cryptographic hardware, hardware security module, key life-cycle, key management, public key infrastructure
22	Veluchandhar Vadivelu, R. V. Jayakumar, M. Muthuvel, K. Balasubramanian, A. Karthi, Karthikesan, G. Ramaiyan, Alagarsamy Deepa, S. Albert Rabara	A backup mechanism with concurrency control for multilevel secure distributed database systems.	ICDIM	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Chungui Liu, Yantai Shu, Lianfang Zhang, Maode Ma	Backup Routing for Multimedia Transmissions over Mesh Networks.	ICC	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Ludovic Courtès, Marc-Olivier Killijian, David Powell	Security Rationale for a Cooperative Backup Service for Mobile Devices.	LADC	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	I. Chen, Mabo Robert Ito	Relaxed Failure Recovery Process for Reliable Quality-of-Service using Unreserved Backup Paths.	AINA	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	László Toka, Patrick Maillé	Managing a Peer-to-Peer Backup System: Does Imposed Fairness Socially Outperform a Revenue-Driven Monopoly?	GECON	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Peer-to-peer networks, economics, incentives, pricing
22	Son-Hong Ngo, Xiaohong Jiang 0001, Vinh Trong Le, Susumu Horiguchi	Ant-based survivable routing in dynamic WDM networks with shared backup paths.	J. Supercomput.	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Lásaro J. Camargos, Fernando Pedone, Rodrigo Schmidt	A Primary-Backup Protocol for In-Memory Database Replication.	NCA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Rémi Coulom	Efficient Selectivity and Backup Operators in Monte-Carlo Tree Search.	Computers and Games	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Xiangyong Ouyang, Tomohiro Yoshihara, Haruo Yokota	An Efficient Commit Protocol Exploiting Primary-Backup Placement in a Distributed Storage System.	PRDC	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Alan A. Bertossi, Luigi V. Mancini, Alessandra Menapace	Scheduling Hard-Real-Time Tasks with Backup Phasing Delay.	DS-RT	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Hsing-Lung Chen, Chein-Hsin Lee	Two Hops Backup Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.	ICPADS (2)	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Joseph A. Tucek, Paul Stanton, Elizabeth Haubert, Ragib Hasan, Larry Brumbaugh, William Yurcik	Trade-Offs in Protecting Storage: A Meta-Data Comparison of Cryptographic, Backup/Versioning, Immutable/Tamper-Proof, and Redundant Storage Solutions.	MSST	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Yih-Fuh Wang, Chien-Hsun Chen	Improved Genetic Algorithm to Solve Preplanned Backup Path on WDM Networks.	AINA	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Subhash Bhalla, Stuart E. Madnick	Asynchronous Backup and Initialization of a Database Server for Replicated Database Systems.	J. Supercomput.	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	non-blocking protocols, synchronization and recovery, parallel algorithms, distributed algorithm, concurrency control
22	Eric Bouillet, Jean-François P. Labourdette	Distributed computation of shared backup path in mesh optical networks using probabilistic methods.	IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw.	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	mesh protection, performance analysis, optical networks, probabilistic algorithm, optical switching
22	Rui Oliveira 0001, José Pereira 0001, André Schiper	Primary-Backup Replication: From a Time-Free Protocol to a Time-Based Implementation.	SRDS	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	P. Krishna Gummadi, Jnana Pradeep Madhavarapu, C. Siva Ram Murthy	A Segmented Backup Scheme for Dependable Real Time Communication in Multihop Networks.	IPDPS Workshops	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Robin Green	Documentation meets version control: an automated backup system for HTML-based help.	SIGDOC	2000	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Navin Budhiraja, Keith Marzullo, Fred B. Schneider, Sam Toueg	Optimal Primary-Backup Protocols.	WDAG	1992	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Ranjani Sridharan, Rabi N. Mahapatra	Reliability aware power management for dual-processor real-time embedded systems.	DAC	2010	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	dynamic fault-tolerance, dynamic power management
17	Abdelhamid E. Eshoul, Hussein T. Mouftah	Survivability approaches using p-cycles in WDM mesh networks under static traffic.	IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw.	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	routing and wave-length assignment, optical networks, survivability, p-cycles
17	Weijun Xiao, Jin Ren, Qing Yang 0001	A Case for Continuous Data Protection at Block Level in Disk Array Storages.	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Stuart E. Schechter, Serge Egelman, Robert W. Reeder	It's not what you know, but who you know: a social approach to last-resort authentication.	CHI	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	security, privacy, usability testing and evaluation
17	Samir Sebbah, Brigitte Jaumard	PWCE design in survivablewdm networks using unrestricted shape p-structure patterns.	CCECE	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Subir Biswas, Md. Mahbubul Haque, Saeed Rashwand, Jelena V. Misic	Fast, Seamless Rekeying In Wireless Sensor Networks.	ICDCS Workshops	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Jilles Steeve Dibangoye, Abdel-Illah Mouaddib, Brahim Chaib-draa	Point-based incremental pruning heuristic for solving finite-horizon DEC-POMDPs.	AAMAS (1)	2009	DBLP BibTeX RDF	decentralized pomdps, point-based solver, artificial intelligence, branch-and-bound, planning under uncertainty
17	János Tapolcai, Pin-Han Ho, Anwar Haque	TROP: A Novel Approximate Link-State Dissemination Framework For Dynamic Survivable Routing in MPLS Networks.	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Shared protection, Stale link-state, Min-Plus algebra, Singular value decomposition (SVD), Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)
17	Tarik Cicic, Audun Fosselie Hansen, Amund Kvalbein, Matthias Hartmann, Rüdiger Martin, Michael Menth	Relaxed multiple routing configurations for IP fast reroute.	NOMS	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Pu Wang 0001, Cheng Li 0005, Jun Zheng 0002, Hussein T. Mouftah	A Dependable Clustering Protocol for Survivable Underwater Sensor Networks.	ICC	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Xiong Wang 0001, Sheng Wang 0006, Lemin Li	Provisioning of Survivable Multicast Sessions in Sparse Light Splitting WDM Networks.	ICC	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Kiranmai Bellam, Adam Manzanares, Xiao Qin 0001	Energy efficient and reliable storage disks.	ACM Southeast Regional Conference	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Fenghua Li, Wei Wang 0105, Jianfeng Ma 0001, Zhenguo Ding	Enhanced Architecture of TPM.	ICYCS	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Burak Kantarci, Hussein T. Mouftah, Sema F. Oktug	Arranging shareability dynamically for the availability-constrained design of optical transport networks.	ISCC	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Ashraf Armoush, Falk Salewski, Stefan Kowalewski	A Hybrid Fault Tolerance Method for Recovery Block with a Weak Acceptance Test.	EUC (1)	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Prabhdeep Singh, Fatih Gelgi, Hasan Davulcu, Stephen S. Yau, Supratik Mukhopadhyay	A Risk Reduction Framework for Dynamic Workflows.	IEEE SCC (1)	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	workflows, risk reduction
17	Yu Liu, David Tipper, Korn Vajanapoom	Spare Capacity Allocation in Two-Layer Networks.	IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun.	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Hongbin Luo, Lemin Li, Hongfang Yu, Sheng Wang 0006	Achieving Shared Protection for Dynamic Multicast Sessions in Survivable Mesh WDM Networks.	IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun.	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Ming-Cheng Wu, Simon H. Yen, Kuo-Ren Lou	Pricing real abandonment options on several R&D investment projects.	Soft Comput.	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Real abandonment options, Managerial flexibility, Capital budgeting, Research and development
17	Harel Paz, David F. Bacon, Elliot K. Kolodner, Erez Petrank, V. T. Rajan	An efficient on-the-fly cycle collection.	ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	concurrent cycle collection, Programming languages, garbage collection, memory management, runtime systems, reference counting
17	Han Ma, Dalia Fayek, Pin-Han Ho	Availability-Aware Multiple Working-Paths Capacity Provisioning in GMPLS Networks.	IPOM	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Yanlong Wang, Zhanhuai Li, Juan Xu	Protecting and Recovering Database Systems Continuously.	APWeb/WAIM	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Wei Luo, Junlin Li, Fumin Yang, Gang Tu, Liping Pang, Lin Shu	DYFARS: Boosting Reliability in Fault-tolerant Heterogeneous Systems Through Dynamic Scheduling.	SNPD (1)	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Xiaohua Tian, Thinh M. Le, B. L. Ho, Yong Lian 0001	A CABAC Encoder Design of H.264/AVC with RDO Support.	IEEE International Workshop on Rapid System Prototyping	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Jens Milbrandt, Michael Menth, Frank Lehrieder	A Priori Detection of Link Overload due to Network Failures.	KiVS	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Minsoo Lee, Hyejung Yoon, Hyoseop Shin	Supporting Dynamic Workflows in a Ubiquitous Environment.	MUE	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	I-Hsuan Peng, Kuo-Wei Peng, Yen-Wen Chen	Cross Layer Routing for Reliable Connections in IP over WDM Networks.	AINA Workshops (1)	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Chiu-Wen Chen, Kuo-Feng Ssu, Hewijin Christine Jiau	Fault-Tolerant Topology Control with Adjustable Transmission Ranges in Wireless Sensor Networks.	PRDC	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
17	Minseok Song 0001, Heonshik Shin	Replication and retrieval strategies for resource-effective admission control in multi-resolution video servers.	Multim. Tools Appl.	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Multi-resolution video severs, Striping unit size, Replication, Admission control
17	Dahai Xu, Yang Chen, Yizhi Xiong, Chunming Qiao, Xin He	On the complexity of and algorithms for finding the shortest path with a disjoint counterpart.	IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw.	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	optimization, graph theory, survivability, protection, bandwidth sharing, dynamic provisioning
17	Canhui Ou, Laxman H. Sahasrabuddhe, Keyao Zhu, Charles U. Martel, Biswanath Mukherjee	Survivable virtual concatenation for data over SONET/SDH in optical transport networks.	IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw.	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	data over SONET, next-generation SONET/SDH, virtual concatenation, survivability, WDM
17	Maher Ali	Generalized sharing in survivable optical networks.	IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw.	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	shared protection, optical networks