Search results for "pen"

Hits ?▲	Authors	Title	Venue	Year	Link	Author keywords
22	Jong-Chuang Tsay, Pen-Yuang Chang	Design of Space-Optimal Regular Arrays for Algorithms with Linear Schedules.	IEEE Trans. Computers	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	systolic array, matrix multiplication, data dependency, optimizing compiler, space-optimal, Algorithm mapping, linear schedule
22	Jong-Chuang Tsay, Pen-Yuang Chang	Some New Designs of 2-D Array for Matrix Multiplication and Transitive Closure.	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Jong-Chuang Tsay, Pen-Yuang Chang	Design of Efficient Regular Arrays for Matrix Multiplication by Two-Step Regularization.	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Nian-Feng Tzeng, Pen-Chung Yew	Special Issues on Distributed Shared Memory Systems: Guest Editor's Introduction.	J. Parallel Distributed Comput.	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Pavlos Konas, Pen-Chung Yew	Processor Self-Scheduling in Parallel Discrete Event Simulation.	WSC	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Pen-Nan Lee, Lawrence Miller, Ping-Chuan Tai, Yiwei Chen	Object Oriented Design for a Distributed Priority Queue.	COMPSAC	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Distributed priority queue, Distributed systems, Object-oriented, Objects, Priority queue, Distributed objects
22	Pavlos Konas, Pen-Chung Yew	Partitioning for synchronous parallel simulation.	PADS	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Lynn Choi, Pen-Chung Yew	Interprocedural Array Data Flow Analysis for Cache Coherence.	LCPC	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Pen-Shu Yeh, Warner H. Miller	A Real-Time Lossless Data Compression Technology for Remote-Sensing and Other Applications.	ISCAS	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Pen-Yuang Chang, Jong-Chuang Tsay	A Family of Efficient Regular Arrays for Algebraic Path Problem.	IEEE Trans. Computers	1994	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	efficient regular arrays, dependence graph decomposition, multiple phases, m-phase schedule function, cylindrical array, spherical array, parallel algorithms, parallel algorithms, computational complexity, graph theory, systolic arrays, systolic array, matrix multiplication, matrix algebra, VLSI architecture, execution times, transitive closure, orthogonal array, algebraic path problem
22	Pavlos Konas, Pen-Chung Yew	Improved parallel architectural simulations on shared-memory multiprocessors.	PADS	1994	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Ding-Kai Chen, Pen-Chung Yew	Redundant Synchronization Elimination for DOACROSS Loops.	IPPS	1994	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	David K. Poulsen, Pen-Chung Yew	Data Prefetching and Data Forwarding in Shared Memory Multiprocessors.	ICPP (2)	1994	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Ding-Kai Chen, Pen-Chung Yew	Statement Re-ordering for DOACROSS Loops.	ICPP (2)	1994	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Lynn Choi, Pen-Chung Yew	A compiler-directed cache coherence scheme with improved intertask locality.	SC	1994	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Ding-Kai Chen, Josep Torrellas, Pen-Chung Yew	An efficient algorithm for the run-time parallelization of DOACROSS loops.	SC	1994	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	David J. Lilja, Pen-Chung Yew	Improving Memory Utilization in Cache Coherence Directories.	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.	1993	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	memory utilization, cache coherence directories, large-scale shared memorymultiprocessors, software-directed schemes, compile-time memory disambiguation, dynamically tagged directory, high-level sharing information, configurationmanagement, discrete event simulation, compiler optimizations, program compilers, shared memory systems, trace-driven simulations, buffer storage, storage allocation, interprocedural analysis
22	David K. Poulsen, Pen-Chung Yew	Execution-driven tools for parallel simulation of parallel architectures and applications.	SC	1993	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	David J. Kuck, Edward S. Davidson, Duncan H. Lawrie, Ahmed H. Sameh, Chuan-Qi Zhu, Alexander V. Veidenbaum, Jeff Konicek, Pen-Chung Yew, Kyle A. Gallivan, William Jalby, Harry A. G. Wijshoff, Randall Bramley, Ulrike Meier Yang, Perry A. Emrath, David A. Padua, Rudolf Eigenmann, Jay P. Hoeflinger, Greg P. Jaxon, Zhiyuan Li 0001, T. Murphy, John T. Andrews, Stephen W. Turner	The Cedar System and an Initial Performance Study.	ISCA	1993	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	William Tsun-Yuk Hsu, Pen-Chung Yew	An Effective Synchronization Network for Hot-Spot Accesses.	ACM Trans. Comput. Syst.	1992	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	memory traffic, parallel processing, hot spots
22	Jack Venbrux, Pen-Shu Yeh, Muye N. Liu	A VLSI chip set for high-speed lossless data compression.	IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol.	1992	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	William Tsun-Yuk Hsu, Pen-Chung Yew	The Impact of Wiring Constraints on Hierarchical Network Performance.	IPPS	1992	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Ding-Kai Chen, Pen-Chung Yew	A Scheme for Effective Execution of Irregular Doacross Loops.	ICPP (2)	1992	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	David A. Padua, Benjamin W. Wah, Pen-Chung Yew	Guest Editor's Introduction.	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.	1991	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Pen-Chung Yew, Benjamin W. Wah	Special Issue on Shared-Memory Multiprocessors.	J. Parallel Distributed Comput.	1991	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Pavlos Konas, Pen-Chung Yew	Parallel discrete event simulation on shared-memory multiprocessors.	Annual Simulation Symposium	1991	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	John D. Bruner, Hoichi Cheong, Alexander V. Veidenbaum, Pen-Chung Yew	Chief: A Parallel Simulation Environment for Parallel Systems.	IPPS	1991	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	William Tsun-Yuk Hsu, Pen-Chung Yew	An Effective Synchronization Network for Large Multiprocessor Systems.	IPPS	1991	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Hock-Beng Lim, Pen-Chung Yew	Parallel program behavioral study on a shared-memory multiprocessor.	ICS	1991	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	David J. Lilja, Pen-Chung Yew	Combining hardware and software cache coherence strategies.	ICS	1991	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Pen-Nan Lee, Yiwei Chen, J. M. Holdman	DRISP: a versatile scheme for distributed fault-tolerant queues.	ICDCS	1991	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Hong-Men Su, Pen-Chung Yew	Efficient Interprocessor Communication on Distributed Shared-Memory Multiprocessors.	ICPP (1)	1991	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	William Tsun-Yuk Hsu, Pen-Chung Yew	The Performance of Hierarchical Systems with Wiring Constraints.	ICPP (1)	1991	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Jeff Konicek, Tracy Tilton, Alexander V. Veidenbaum, Chuan-Qi Zhu, Edward S. Davidson, Ruppert A. Downing, Michael J. Haney, Manish Sharma, Pen-Chung Yew, P. Michael Farmwald, David J. Kuck, Daniel M. Lavery, Robert A. Lindsey, D. Pointer, John T. Andrews, Thomas Beck, T. Murphy, Stephen W. Turner, Nancy J. Warter	The Organization of the Cedar System.	ICPP (1)	1991	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Hong-Men Su, Pen-Chung Yew	Efficient Doacross execution on distributed shared-memory multiprocessors.	SC	1991	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Zhixi Fang, Peiyi Tang, Pen-Chung Yew, Chuan-Qi Zhu	Dynamic Processor Self-Scheduling for General Parallel Nested Loops.	IEEE Trans. Computers	1990	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	dynamic processor self scheduling, general parallel nested loops, fetch-and-op operations, innermost parallel loop nests, dynamic parallel linked lists, guided self-scheduling, shortest-delay self-scheduling, scheduling, data structures, multiprocessing systems, multiprocessor systems, granularity, dynamic data structures
22	Zhiyu Shen, Zhiyuan Li 0001, Pen-Chung Yew	An Empirical Study of Fortran Programs for Parallelizing Compilers.	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.	1990	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	array references, program characteristics, integer-valued test, program transformations, FORTRAN, program compilers, parallelizing compilers, data dependence analysis, Fortran programs
22	Zhiyuan Li 0001, Pen-Chung Yew, Chuan-Qi Zhu	An Efficient Data Dependence Analysis for Parallelizing Compilers.	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.	1990	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	array subscripts, loop bounds, lambda test, multidimensional array references, Parafrase, Fortran program parallelization restructurer, parallel programming, FORTRAN, program compilers, parallelizing compilers, numerical methods, convex set, hyperplanes, data dependence analysis, linear inequalities, program restructuring
22	Peiyi Tang, Pen-Chung Yew	Software Combining Algorithms for Distributing Hot-Spot Addressing.	J. Parallel Distributed Comput.	1990	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Pen-Nan Lee, Ravinder R. Purumandla, William Nehman	Concurrent simulation with entity life modeling: an airport simulator using Ada.	WSC	1990	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Ada
22	Pen-Nan Lee, Ravinder P. Reddy, Yiwei Chen	Allocation strategies for Ada tasks on hypercube multi-processors.	TRI-Ada	1990	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Peiyi Tang, Pen-Chung Yew, Chuan-Qi Zhu	Compiler techniques for data synchronization in nested parallel loops.	ICS	1990	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Pen-Chung Yew (eds.)	Proceedings of the 1990 International Conference on Parallel Processing, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA, August 1990. Volume 3: Algorithms and Applications.	ICPP (3)	1990	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	David J. Lilja, Pen-Chung Yew	Comparing Parallelism Extraction Techniques: Superscalar Processors, Pipelined Processors, and Multiprocessors.	ICPP (1)	1990	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Ding-Kai Chen, Hong-Men Su, Pen-Chung Yew	The Impact of Synchronization and Granularity on Parallel Systems.	ISCA	1990	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Pen-Shu Yeh	Data compression properties of the Hartley transform.	IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process.	1989	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Peiyi Tang, Pen-Chung Yew, Chuan-Qi Zhu	A parallel linked list for shared-memory multiprocessors.	COMPSAC	1989	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Zhiyuan Li 0001, Pen-Chung Yew, Chuan-Qi Zhu	Data dependence analysis on multi-dimensional array references.	ICS	1989	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Zhiyu Shen, Zhiyuan Li 0001, Pen-Chung Yew	An Empirical Study on Array Subscripts and Data Dependencies.	ICPP (2)	1989	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Hong-Men Su, Pen-Chung Yew	On Data Synchronization for Multiprocessors.	ISCA	1989	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Zhiyuan Li 0001, Pen-Chung Yew	Program parallelization with interprocedural analysis.	J. Supercomput.	1988	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Nian-Feng Tzeng, Pen-Chung Yew, Chuan-Qi Zhu	Realizing Fault-Tolerant Interconnection Networks via Chaining.	IEEE Trans. Computers	1988	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	fault-tolerant interconnection networks, switching elements, self-routing algorithm, reliability improvement, fault tolerant computing, multiprocessor interconnection networks, multistage interconnection networks, chaining, quantitative measurement
22	Pen-Nan Lee	Correspondent computing.	ACM Conference on Computer Science	1988	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	correspondent computing, correspondent operation, primary operation
22	Peiyi Tang, Pen-Chung Yew, Chuan-Qi Zhu	Impact of self-scheduling order on performance on multiprocessor systems.	ICS	1988	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Zhiyuan Li 0001, Pen-Chung Yew	Interprocedural Analysis for Parallel Programs.	ICPP (2)	1988	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Zhiyuan Li 0001, Pen-Chung Yew	Efficient Interprocedural Analysis for Program Parallelization and Restructuring.	PPOPP/PPEALS	1988	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Pen-Shu Yeh, Sergio Antoy, Anne Litcher, Azriel Rosenfeld	Address location on envelopes.	Pattern Recognit.	1987	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Pen-Chung Yew, Nian-Feng Tzeng, Duncan H. Lawrie	Distributing Hot-Spot Addressing in Large-Scale Multiprocessors.	IEEE Trans. Computers	1987	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	hot-spot memory, software combining tree, synchronization, memory bandwidth, Combining networks, memory contention
22	Chuan-Qi Zhu, Pen-Chung Yew	A Scheme to Enforce Data Dependence on Large Multiprocessor Systems.	IEEE Trans. Software Eng.	1987	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	William Tsun-Yuk Hsu, Chuan-Qi Zhu, Pen-Chung Yew	An Enhancement Scheme for Hypercube Interconnection Networks.	ICPP	1987	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Zhixi Fang, Peiyi Tang, Pen-Chung Yew, Chuan-Qi Zhu	Dynamic Processor Self-Scheduling for General Parallel Nested Loops.	ICPP	1987	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Roland L. Lee, Pen-Chung Yew, Duncan H. Lawrie	: Data Prefetching In Shared Memory Multiprocessors.	ICPP	1987	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Zhixi Fang, Peiyi Tang, Pen-Chung Yew, Chuan-Qi Zhu	Deadlock Prevention in Processor Self-Scheduling for Parallel Nested Loops.	ICPP	1987	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Roland L. Lee, Pen-Chung Yew, Duncan H. Lawrie	Multiprocessor Cache Design Considerations.	ISCA	1987	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Akihide Hashizume, Pen-Shu Yeh, Azriel Rosenfeld	A method of detecting the orientation of aligned components.	Pattern Recognit. Lett.	1986	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Nobuyoshi Yokobori, Pen-Shu Yeh, Azriel Rosenfeld	Sub-pixel geometric correction of pictures by calibration and decalibration.	ICRA	1986	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Pen-Chung Yew, Nian-Feng Tzeng, Duncan H. Lawrie	Distributing Hot-Spot Addressing in Large Scale Multiprocessor.	ICPP	1986	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Peiyi Tang, Pen-Chung Yew	Processor Self-Scheduling for Multiple-Nested Parallel Loops.	ICPP	1986	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Yubin Hung, Pen-Shu Yeh, David Harwood	Passive ranging to known planar point sets.	ICRA	1985	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Nian-Feng Tzeng, Pen-Chung Yew, Chuan-Qi Zhu	The Performance of a Fault-Tolerant Multistage Interconnection Network.	ICPP	1985	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Nian-Feng Tzeng, Pen-Chung Yew, Chuan-Qi Zhu	Fault-Tolerant Scheme for Multistage Interconnection Networks.	ISCA	1985	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Chuan-Qi Zhu, Pen-Chung Yew	A Synchronization Scheme and Its Applications for Large Multiprocessor Systems.	ICDCS	1984	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Pin-Yee Chen, Pen-Chung Yew, Duncan H. Lawrie	Performance of packet switching in buffered single-stage shuffle-exchange networks.	ICDCS	1982	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	J. Edward Lilienkamp, Duncan H. Lawrie, Pen-Chung Yew	A fault tolerant interconnection network using error correcting codes.	ICPP	1982	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Pin-Yee Chen, Duncan H. Lawrie, David A. Padua, Pen-Chung Yew	Interconnection Networks Using Shuffles.	Computer	1981	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Pen-Chung Yew, Duncan H. Lawrie	An Easily Controlled Network for Frequently Used Permutation.	IEEE Trans. Computers	1981	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	O network, Bit-permute-complement permutations, multiple-pass control algorithm, network partitions, decomposition algorithms
22	Pen-Chung Yew	On the Design of Interconnection Networks for Parallel and Multiprocessor Systems		1981	RDF
21	Ken Hinckley, Morgan Dixon, Raman Sarin, François Guimbretière, Ravin Balakrishnan	Codex: a dual screen tablet computer.	CHI	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	dual screen, collaboration, mobility, sensors, pen, tablet
21	Marco Leoné, Betsy van Dijk, Bert-Jan van Beijnum	Design and trial evaluation of the user interface for MusicReader.	MindTrek	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	digital music stand, sheet music, tablet pc, touch, pen
21	Ken Hinckley, François Guimbretière, Patrick Baudisch, Raman Sarin, Maneesh Agrawala, Edward Cutrell	The springboard: multiple modes in one spring-loaded control.	CHI	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	command selection, subtraction methodology, pen, modes, marking menus, tablet, keystroke-level model
21	Edward Lank, Jaime Ruiz, William B. Cowan	Concurrent bimanual stylus interaction: a study of non-preferred hand mode manipulation.	Graphics Interface	2006	DBLP BibTeX RDF	pen, mode, stylus, symmetric, kinematic chain, bimanual, asymmetric
20	Salman Cheema, Joseph J. LaViola Jr.	Towards intelligent motion inferencing in mathematical sketching.	IUI	2010	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	mathematical sketching, sketch inferencing, sketch parsing, pen-based interfaces
20	Ana Paula Ambrósio, Fábio M. Costa	Evaluating the impact of PBL and tablet PCs in an algorithms and computer programming course.	SIGCSE	2010	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	algorithm teaching, problem-based learning, pen-based computing
20	Michael Haller, Jakob Leitner, Thomas Seifried, James R. Wallace, Stacey D. Scott, Christoph Richter, Peter Brandl, Adam Gokcezade, Seth E. Hunter	The NICE discussion room: integrating paper and digital media to support co-located group meetings.	CHI	2010	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	digital meeting room, multi-user input, design, interactive surfaces, pen-based interfaces, co-located collaboration
20	Andy Russell	ToonTastic: a global storytelling network for kids, by kids.	TEI	2010	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	multi-pen, animation, storytelling, interactive display
20	Sébastien Macé, Éric Anquetil	Pattern Recognition Strategies for Interactive Sketch Composition.	HCI (2)	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Hand-drawn shape recognition, visual languages and grammars, fuzzy set theory, pen-based interaction, reject options
20	Hironori Egi, Shotaro Houri, Yukari Kato, Tatsuya Terada, Wataru Tsukahara, Masaki Nakagawa	Designing a Peer Reviewing Tool on Lecture Video with Handwritten Annotation.	HCI (8)	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Annotation, peer reviewing, pen-based interface, faculty development, lecture video
20	Takashi Nagai, Mizue Kayama, Kazunori Itoh	A Basic Study on a Drawing-Learning Support System in the Networked Environment.	HCI (2)	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Drawing-learning, Learning Support System, On-line Class, Drawing Process, Digital Pen
20	Peter Brandl, Jakob Leitner, Thomas Seifried, Michael Haller, Bernard Doray, Paul To	Occlusion-aware menu design for digital tabletops.	CHI Extended Abstracts	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	tabletop, pen-based interface, pie menu, ergonomic evaluation, digital whiteboard
20	Renan G. Cattelan, César A. C. Teixeira, Hélder Ribas, Ethan V. Munson, Maria da Graça Campos Pimentel	Inkteractors: interacting with digital ink.	SAC	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	ink operators, annotation, handwriting, digital ink, pen-based interaction
20	Nadir Weibel, Adriana Ispas, Beat Signer, Moira C. Norrie	Paperproof: a paper-digital proof-editing system.	CHI Extended Abstracts	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	digital pen and paper, document life-cycle, proof-editing, interactive paper, gesture-based interface
20	Richard C. Davis, Brien Colwell, James A. Landay	K-sketch: a 'kinetic' sketch pad for novice animators.	CHI	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	animation, sketching, pen-based user interfaces, informal user interfaces
20	Moira C. Norrie	The Link between Paper and Information Systems.	ICEIS	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	cross-media content publishing, interactive paper, Digital pen
20	Levent Burak Kara, Kenji Shimada	Sketch-Based 3D-Shape Creation for Industrial Styling Design.	IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Styling design, physically based modeling, surface, Curve, Pen-based interaction, 3D sketching, solid and object representations
20	Hidetoshi Miyao, Minoru Maruyama	An online handwritten music symbol recognition system.	Int. J. Document Anal. Recognit.	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Music score recognition, Online handwritten symbol recognition, Pen-based music editing system
20	Henning Breuer, Nelson Baloian, Christian Sousa, Mitsuji Matsumoto	Interaction Design Patterns for Classroom Environments.	HCI (4)	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Interaction Design Patterns, Pen-Tablets, Open Space, PDAs, Educational Technology, Activity Theory, Learning Theories, Classroom, Gesture-based Interaction, Whiteboards
20	Wolfgang Hürst, Georg Götz, Martina Welte	Interactive video browsing on mobile devices.	ACM Multimedia	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	mobile computing, interaction, navigation, interface design, handheld devices, video browsing, pen-based computing
20	Gonzalo A. Ramos, Ravin Balakrishnan	Pressure marks.	CHI	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	pressure widgets, design, human factors, experimentation, pen input
20	Mike Fraser 0001, Michael R. McCarthy, Muneeb Shaukat, Phillip Smith	Seconds matter: improving distributed coordination bytracking and visualizing display trajectories.	CHI	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	display trajectory, off-screen tracking, groupware, pen-based interaction
20	Gonzalo A. Ramos, Andy Cockburn, Ravin Balakrishnan, Michel Beaudouin-Lafon	Pointing lenses: facilitating stylus input through visual-and motor-space magnification.	CHI	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	pressure widgets, zooming, pen input, lenses