Search results for "compilers"

Hits ?▲	Authors	Title	Venue	Year	Link	Author keywords
37	Jongwon Lee, Sungyoung Lee, Hyungill Kim	Scheduling of Hard Aperiodic Tasks in Hybrid Static/Dynamic Priority Systems.	Workshop on Languages, Compilers, & Tools for Real-Time Systems	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	David N. Wilner	WindView: A Tool for Understanding Real-time Embedded Software Through System Visualization.	Workshop on Languages, Compilers, & Tools for Real-Time Systems	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Filip Thoen, Marco Cornero, Gert Goossens, Hugo De Man	Software Synthesis for Real-Time Information Processing Systems.	Workshop on Languages, Compilers, & Tools for Real-Time Systems	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Lo Ko, David B. Whalley, Marion G. Harmon	Supporting User-Friendly Analysis of Timing Constraints.	Workshop on Languages, Compilers, & Tools for Real-Time Systems	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Shangping Ren, Gul Agha	RTsynchronizer: Language Support for Real-Time Specifications in Distributed Systems.	Workshop on Languages, Compilers, & Tools for Real-Time Systems	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Stanley A. Schneider, Vincent W. Chen, Jay Steele, Gerardo Pardo-Castellote	The ControlShell Component-Based Real-Time Programming System, and its Application to the Marsokhod Martian Rover.	Workshop on Languages, Compilers, & Tools for Real-Time Systems	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	André Bakkers, Johan Sunter, Evert Ploeg	Automatic Generation of Scheduling and Communication Code in Real-Time Parallel Programs.	Workshop on Languages, Compilers, & Tools for Real-Time Systems	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Frank Mueller 0001	Compiler Support for Software-Based Cache Partitioning.	Workshop on Languages, Compilers, & Tools for Real-Time Systems	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Tai M. Chung, Henry G. Dietz	Language Constructs and Transformation for Hard Real-time Systems.	Workshop on Languages, Compilers, & Tools for Real-Time Systems	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	timing constraint, hard real-time, CHaRTS, real-time language
37	Yau-Tsun Steven Li, Sharad Malik	Performance Analysis of Embedded Software Using Implicit Path Enumeration.	Workshop on Languages, Compilers, & Tools for Real-Time Systems	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Kelvin D. Nilsen, Bernt Rygg	Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis on Modern Processors.	Workshop on Languages, Compilers, & Tools for Real-Time Systems	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Sérgio Vale Aguiar Campos, Edmund M. Clarke, Wilfredo R. Marrero, Marius Minea	Verus: A Tool for Quantitative Analysis of Finite-State Real-Time Systems.	Workshop on Languages, Compilers, & Tools for Real-Time Systems	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Hermann Kopetz, Roman Nossal	The Cluster Compiler - A Tool for the Design of Time-Triggered Real-Time Systems.	Workshop on Languages, Compilers, & Tools for Real-Time Systems	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Flavio Bonfatti, Gianni Gadda, Paola Daniela Monari	Re-usable Software Design for Programmable Logic Controllers.	Workshop on Languages, Compilers, & Tools for Real-Time Systems	1995	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37		Proceedings of the Conference on Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and Vector Machines 1975, New York, New York, USA, March 18-19, 1975	Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and Vector Machines	1975	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Mary Zosel	A modest proposal for vector extensions to ALGOL.	Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and Vector Machines	1975	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Victor R. Basili, John C. Knight	A language design for vector machines.	Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and Vector Machines	1975	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	David B. Loveman, Ross A. Faneuf	Program optimization - theory and practice.	Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and Vector Machines	1975	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Leslie Lamport	On programming parallel computers.	Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and Vector Machines	1975	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Robert E. Millstein, Charles A. Muntz	The ILLIAC IV FORTRAN compiler.	Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and Vector Machines	1975	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	D. Neel, M. Amirchahy	Removal of invariant statements from nested-loops in a single effective compiler pass.	Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and Vector Machines	1975	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	P. C. Capon, Roland N. Ibbett	Array operations in MU5.	Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and Vector Machines	1975	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Dorothy Wedel	Fortran for the Texas Instruments ASC system.	Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and Vector Machines	1975	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	David J. Evans 0001	Problem formulation using array processing techniques.	Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and Vector Machines	1975	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Jan B. Hext	Array reference operations.	Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and Vector Machines	1975	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Paul B. Schneck	Movement of implicit parallel and vector expressions out of program loops.	Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and Vector Machines	1975	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	K. G. Stevens Jr.	CFD - A FORTRAN-like language for the ILLIAC IV.	Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and Vector Machines	1975	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Harold K. Resnick, Arvid G. Larson	DMAP-a COBOL extension for associative array processors.	Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and Vector Machines	1975	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	D. Morris, Philip C. Treleaven	A stream processing network.	Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and Vector Machines	1975	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	David L. Presberg	The Paralyzer: Ivtran's Parallelism Analyzer and Synthesizer.	Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and Vector Machines	1975	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	David B. Erickson	Array processing on an array processor.	Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and Vector Machines	1975	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Richard G. Zwakenberg	Vector extensions to LRLTRAN.	Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and Vector Machines	1975	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Dennis P. Geller, Gerald M. Weinberg	The principle of sufficient reason: A guide to language design for parallel processing.	Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and Vector Machines	1975	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Michael K. Donegan, Stuart W. Kartzke	Lexical analysis and parsing techniques for a vector machine.	Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and Vector Machines	1975	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Ben-Zion Barta	PACOL: A parallel control language.	Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and Vector Machines	1975	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
37	Dongkeun Kim, Donald Yeung	A study of source-level compiler algorithms for automatic construction of pre-execution code.	ACM Trans. Comput. Syst.	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	pre-execution, prefetch conversion, speculative loop parallelization, multithreading, program slicing, Data prefetching, memory-level parallelism
37	Swathi Tanjore Gurumani, Aleksandar Milenkovic	Execution characteristics of SPEC CPU2000 benchmarks: Intel C++ vs. Microsoft VC++.	ACM Southeast Regional Conference	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	SPEC CPU2000 benchmarks, event-based sampling, performance evaluation, compiler optimizations
37	Craig Chambers	Staged compilation.	PEPM	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
36	Ten H. Tzen, Lionel M. Ni	Trapezoid Self-Scheduling: A Practical Scheduling Scheme for Parallel Compilers.	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.	1993	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	processor self-scheduling, trapezoid self-scheduling, parallel nested loops, run-time scheduling overhead, chunk size, Butterfly GP-1000, scheduling, load balancing, parallel programming, memory management, shared-memory multiprocessors, program compilers, shared memory systems, parallel compilers, parallelprograms, dynamic allocation, loop iterations
36	Manish Gupta, Prithviraj Banerjee	Demonstration of Automatic Data Partitioning Techniques for Parallelizing Compilers on Multicomputers.	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.	1992	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	automatic data partitioning, datadistribution, Eispack libraries, PerfectBenchmarks, scientific application programs, parallel programming, data structures, data structures, constraints, program compilers, parallelizing compilers, multicomputers, Linpack, Fortran programs
36	Zhiyu Shen, Zhiyuan Li 0001, Pen-Chung Yew	An Empirical Study of Fortran Programs for Parallelizing Compilers.	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.	1990	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	array references, program characteristics, integer-valued test, program transformations, FORTRAN, program compilers, parallelizing compilers, data dependence analysis, Fortran programs
36	Zhiyuan Li 0001, Pen-Chung Yew, Chuan-Qi Zhu	An Efficient Data Dependence Analysis for Parallelizing Compilers.	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.	1990	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	array subscripts, loop bounds, lambda test, multidimensional array references, Parafrase, Fortran program parallelization restructurer, parallel programming, FORTRAN, program compilers, parallelizing compilers, numerical methods, convex set, hyperplanes, data dependence analysis, linear inequalities, program restructuring
36	Syndey P. Levine	Logical structure of compilers.	Commun. ACM	1961	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	structure of compilers, compilers, design of computer languages
35	Keith D. Cooper, Alexander Grosul, Timothy J. Harvey, Steven W. Reeves, Devika Subramanian, Linda Torczon, Todd Waterman	Exploring the structure of the space of compilation sequences using randomized search algorithms.	J. Supercomput.	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Compilers, Code optimization, Adaptive compilation
35	Seong-Won Lee, Soo-Mook Moon, Seong-Moo Kim	Enhanced hot spot detection heuristics for embedded java just-in-time compilers.	LCTES	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	hot spot detection, j2me cdc, java just-in-time compilation, sun's hotspot heuristic, java virtual machine
35	Philip Brisk, Ani Nahapetian, Majid Sarrafzadeh	Instruction Selection for Compilers that Target Architectures with Echo Instructions.	SCOPES	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Hansang Bae, Rudolf Eigenmann	Performance Analysis of Symbolic Analysis Techniques for Parallelizing Compilers.	LCPC	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
35	Mayur Naik, Jens Palsberg	Compiling with code-size constraints.	LCTES-SCOPES	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	banked architecture, register allocation, integer linear programming, space optimization
35	Markus Lorenz, Lars Wehmeyer, Thorsten Dräger	Energy aware compilation for DSPs with SIMD instructions.	LCTES-SCOPES	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	zero overhead hardware loop, DSP, vectorization, energy minimization, SIMD instruction
35	Wankang Zhao, Baosheng Cai, David B. Whalley, Mark W. Bailey, Robert van Engelen, Xin Yuan 0001, Jason Hiser, Jack W. Davidson, Kyle A. Gallivan, Douglas L. Jones	VISTA: a system for interactive code improvement.	LCTES-SCOPES	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	user-directed code improvement
35	Christoph W. Keßler, Andrzej Bednarski	Optimal integrated code generation for clustered VLIW architectures.	LCTES-SCOPES	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	integrated code generation, space profile, dynamic programming, register allocation, instruction scheduling, instruction selection
35	Gerhard P. Fettweis	DSPs: why don't they just go away!.	LCTES-SCOPES	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
34	Luisa Massari, Yves Mahéo	Performance Evualuation of Automatically Generated Data-Parallel Programs.	PDP	1996	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	automatically generated data-parallel programs, data-parallel compilers, sequential language, data distribution directives, static description, dynamic description, workload characterization techniques, Pandore environment, profile generation, performance evaluation, parallel programming, software performance evaluation, automatic programming, data partitioning, runtime system, workload model, parallelising compilers, distributed memory parallel computers, performance indices, program execution, trace generation
34	Xiaojie Li, Kenichi Harada	An efficient asynchronous data transmission mechanism for data parallel languages.	ICPADS	1996	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	asynchronous data transmission mechanism, linguistic support, array references, N-level message queue, exact data-flow analysis, data transmission requests, SPMD code, parallel programming, compilers, program compilers, distributed memory systems, parallel languages, optimization techniques, distributed memory multiprocessors, data parallel languages
34	Gail C. Murphy, David Notkin, Erica S.-C. Lan	An Empirical Study of Static Call Graph Extractors.	ICSE	1996	DBLP BibTeX RDF	C call graphs, CIA, cflow, extraction tools, gee, mapmaker, mk-functmap, rigiparse, static call graph extractors, understanding task, optimization, software engineers, compilers, graph theory, software tools, program understanding, program compilers, mosaic, software systems, program diagnostics, quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis, Field, software engineering tools, false negatives
33	Katherine A. Yelick	Compilation Techniques for Partitioned Global Address Space Languages.	LCPC	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
33	Qing Yi, Daniel J. Quinlan	Applying Loop Optimizations to Object-Oriented Abstractions Through General Classification of Array Semantics.	LCPC	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
33	Anasua Bhowmik, Manoj Franklin	A fast approximate interprocedural analysis for speculative multithreading compilers.	ICS	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	pointer analysis, thread-level parallelism (TLP), interprocedural analysis, speculative multithreading (SpMT)
33	Jia Guo, María Jesús Garzarán, David A. Padua	The Power of Belady?s Algorithm in Register Allocation for Long Basic Blocks.	LCPC	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
33	Seung-Jai Min, Seon Wook Kim, Michael Voss, Sang Ik Lee, Rudolf Eigenmann	Portable Compilers for OpenMP.	WOMPAT	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
33	Steven Carroll, Walden Ko, Mark N. Yankelevsky, Constantine D. Polychronopoulos	Optimizing Compiler Design for Modularity and Extensibility.	LCPC	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
33	Guohua Jin, Y. Charlie Hu	An Evaluation of High Performance Fortran Compilers Using the HPFBench Benchmark Suite.	Euro-Par	1999	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
33	Sheetal V. Kakkad, Mark S. Johnstone, Paul R. Wilson 0001	Portable Run-Time Type Description for Conventional Compilers.	ISMM	1998	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	C++
33	Ulrich Kremer	Fortran RED - A Retargetable Environment for Automatic Data Layout.	LCPC	1998	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
33	Jan A. Bergstra, T. B. Dinesh, John Field, Jan Heering	Toward a Complete Transformational Toolkit for Compilers.	ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.	1997	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	compiler intermediate representation, program transformation, completion, partial evaluation, term-rewriting, imperative language
33	Gene Fuh, Jyh-Herng Chow, Nelson Mendonça Mattos, Brian T. Tran	Supporting procedural constructs in existing SQL compilers.	CASCON	1996	DBLP BibTeX RDF	SQL
33	Susan M. Holzschuh	Optimization of available C compilers for the MC68HC11.	ACM Southeast Regional Conference	1992	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Optimization, Compiler, Global, Interprocedural
33	Samuel P. Harbison	An Architectural Alternative to Optimizing Compilers.	ASPLOS	1982	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
32	João Paulo Luís, Carlos Gonçalves Carvalho, José Carlos Delgado	Parallelism Extraction in Acyclic Code.	PDP	1996	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	acyclic code regions, functional parallelism, modified optimization techniques, explicit synchronization, multi threaded code, simple partitioning technique, parallel programming, Petri nets, parallelizing compilers, parallelising compilers, Petri net model, optimising compilers, parallelism extraction, parallel code
31	Chung-Kai Chen, Ling-Hua Tseng, Shih-Chang Chen, Young-Jia Lin, Yi-Ping You, Chia-Han Lu, Jenq Kuen Lee	Enabling compiler flow for embedded VLIW DSP processors with distributed register files.	LCTES	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	distributed register files, embedded VLIW DSP compilers, software pipelining
31	Yi-Ping You, Chingren Lee, Jenq Kuen Lee	Compilers for leakage power reduction.	ACM Trans. Design Autom. Electr. Syst.	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Compilers for low power, power-gating mechanisms, leakage-power reduction
31	L. Almagor, Keith D. Cooper, Alexander Grosul, Timothy J. Harvey, Steven W. Reeves, Devika Subramanian, Linda Torczon, Todd Waterman	Finding effective compilation sequences.	LCTES	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	learning models, adaptive compilers
31	Jens Wagner, Rainer Leupers	C Compiler Design for an Industrial Network Processor.	LCTES/OM	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	compilers, network processors, embedded processors
31	Thomas Fahringer, Bernhard Scholz	A Unified Symbolic Evaluation Framework for Parallelizing Compilers.	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	program context, data-flow and control-flow analysis, symbolic dependence testing, compiler optimizations, parallelizing compilers, parallel systems, Symbolic analysis, symbolic evaluation
31	William L. Harrison, Samuel N. Kamin	Modular Compilers Based on Monad Transformers.	ICCL	1998	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Semantics-Based Compilation, Pass Separation, Compilers, Partial Evaluation, Monads, Programming Language Semantics, Monad Transformers
31	Vivek Sarkar	Code optimization of parallel programs: evolutionary vs. revolutionary approaches.	CGO	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	parallel programs, multicore processors, code optimization
31	Rudolf Eigenmann	Implementing Tomorrow's Programming Languages.	ISPA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
31	Vikram S. Adve, John M. Mellor-Crummey	Advanced Code Generation for High Performance Fortran.	Compiler Optimizations for Scalable Parallel Systems Languages	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
31	Eric Eide, Kevin Frei, Bryan Ford, Jay Lepreau, Gary Lindstrom	Flick: A Flexible, Optimizing IDL Compiler.	PLDI	1997	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
31	Ko-Yang Wang	Precise Compile-Time Performance Prediction for Superscalar-Based Computers.	PLDI	1994	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	IBM RS/6000
31	Deborah S. Coutant	Retargetable High-Level Alias Analysis.	POPL	1986	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
29	Russ Cox, Tom Bergan, Austin T. Clements, M. Frans Kaashoek, Eddie Kohler	Xoc, an extension-oriented compiler for systems programming.	ASPLOS	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	extension-oriented compilers
29	Peng-Sheng Chen, Yuan-Shin Hwang, Roy Dz-Ching Ju, Jenq Kuen Lee	Interprocedural Probabilistic Pointer Analysis.	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	interprocedural program analysis, optimization, compilers, Multithreading, speculation, points-to analysis
29	Arch D. Robison	Impact of economics on compiler optimization.	Java Grande	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	optimization, compilers, economics
29	Nicolas Vasilache, Oleksandr Zinenko, Aart J. C. Bik, Mahesh Ravishankar, Thomas Raoux, Alexander Belyaev, Matthias Springer, Tobias Gysi, Diego Caballero, Stephan Herhut, Stella Laurenzo, Albert Cohen 0001	Structured Operations: Modular Design of Code Generators for Tensor Compilers.	LCPC	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
29	Xiaoming Li	How Can Compilers Help the Additive Manufacturing of Electronics?	LCPC	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
29	Martin Becker 0001, Samarjit Chakraborty	Optimizing Worst-Case Execution Times Using Mainstream Compilers.	SCOPES	2018	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
29	Mikko Roth, Arno Luppold, Heiko Falk	Measuring and Modeling Energy Consumption of Embedded Systems for Optimizing Compilers.	SCOPES	2018	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
29	Junjie Shen 0001, Zhi Chen 0001, Nahid Farhady Ghalaty, Rosario Cammarota, Alexandru Nicolau, Alexander V. Veidenbaum	New Opportunities for Compilers in Computer Security.	LCPC	2018	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
29	Miguel Angel Aguilar, Abhishek Aggarwal, Awaid Shaheen, Rainer Leupers, Gerd Ascheid, Jerónimo Castrillón, Liam Fitzpatrick	Multi-grained performance estimation for MPSoC compilers: work-in-progress.	CASES	2017	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
29	Swapnil Ghike, Ruben Gran, María Jesús Garzarán, David A. Padua	Directive-Based Compilers for GPUs.	LCPC	2014	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
29	Marcel Beemster	The case for application specific compilers.	SCOPES	2011	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
29	Krishna V. Palem	Compilers, architectures and synthesis for embedded computing: retrospect and prospect.	CASES	2010	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
29	François Bodin	Keynote: Compilers in the Manycore Era.	HiPEAC	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
29	Kazuaki Maeda	Reusable Parser Generation from Free and Open Source Compilers.	Software Engineering Research and Practice	2006	DBLP BibTeX RDF
29	Hansang Bae, Rudolf Eigenmann	Interprocedural Symbolic Range Propagation for Optimizing Compilers.	LCPC	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
29	Peter Marwedel, Srinivas Devadas (eds.)	Proceedings of the 2002 Joint Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems & Software and Compilers for Embedded Systems (LCTES'02-SCOPES'02), Berlin, Germany, 19-21 June 2002	LCTES-SCOPES	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
29	Jeonghun Cho, Yunheung Paek, David B. Whalley	Efficient register and memory assignment for non-orthogonal architectures via graph coloring and MST algorithms.	LCTES-SCOPES	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	dual memory, memory assignment, non-orthogonal architecture, compiler, graph coloring, maximum spanning tree
29	Jeffrey Palm, Han Bok Lee, Amer Diwan, J. Eliot B. Moss	When to use a compilation service?	LCTES-SCOPES	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	distributed compilation, energy efficient compilation, Java
29	Arvind Krishnaswamy, Rajiv Gupta 0001	Profile guided selection of ARM and thumb instructions.	LCTES-SCOPES	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	16/32 bit instructions, code size and speed, low power