Search results for "failures"

Hits ?▲	Authors	Title	Venue	Year	Link	Author keywords
12	Vartika Bhandari, Nitin H. Vaidya	On reliable broadcast in a radio network.	PODC	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	crash-stop failure, fault tolerance, broadcast, radio network, byzantine failure
12	Kamal Jain, László Lovász 0001, Philip A. Chou	Building scalable and robust peer-to-peer overlay networks for broadcasting using network coding.	PODC	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Azuma, security, peer-to-peer, network, multicast, coding, overlay, inequalities, file distribution
12	Philipp Peti, Roman Obermaisser, Hermann Kopetz	Out-of-Norm Assertions.	IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Felix C. Freiling, Maurice Herlihy, Lucia Draque Penso	Optimal Randomized Fair Exchange with Secret Shared Coins.	OPODIS	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Gauthier Picard, Sehl Mellouli, Marie-Pierre Gleizes	Techniques for Multi-agent System Reorganization.	ESAW	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Neila Ben Lakhal, Takashi Kobayashi 0001, Haruo Yokota	A Failure-Aware Model for Estimating and Analyzing the Efficiency of Web Services Compositions.	PRDC	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	T. Y. Chen	Are Successful Test Cases Useless or Not?.	QoSA/SOQUA	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Chuan-Ching Sue, Min-Shao Shieh, Chin-Yu Huang	Dependable WDM networks with reconfigurable edge-disjoint p-cycles.	ITRE	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	A. V. U. Phani Kumar, Adi Mallikarjuna Reddy V, D. Janaki Ram	Distributed collaboration for event detection in wireless sensor networks.	MPAC	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	event of interest, simple event, wireless sensor networks, collaboration, middleware, protocol, event, publish/subscribe, composite event
12	Guy E. Weichenberg, Vincent W. S. Chan, Muriel Médard	High-reliability topological architectures for networks under stress.	IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun.	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Shetal Shah, Krithi Ramamritham, Prashant J. Shenoy	Resilient and Coherence Preserving Dissemination of Dynamic Data Using Cooperating Peers.	IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng.	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	dynamic data dissemination, cooperation, Resiliency, data coherence
12	Michael R. Lyu, Xinyu Chen, Tsz Yeung Wong	Design and Evaluation of a Fault-Tolerant Mobile-Agent System.	IEEE Intell. Syst.	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Ilir Gashi, Peter T. Popov, Lorenzo Strigini	Fault Diversity among Off-The-Shelf SQL Database Servers.	DSN	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Ramendra K. Sahoo, Anand Sivasubramaniam, Mark S. Squillante, Yanyong Zhang	Failure Data Analysis of a Large-Scale Heterogeneous Server Environment.	DSN	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Garth R. Goodson, Jay J. Wylie, Gregory R. Ganger, Michael K. Reiter	Efficient Byzantine-Tolerant Erasure-Coded Storage.	DSN	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Jennifer Ren, Rick Buskens, Oscar J. Gonzalez	Dependable Initialization of Large-Scale Distributed Software.	DSN	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Thomas J. E. Schwarz, Qin Xin 0005, Ethan L. Miller, Darrell D. E. Long, Andy Hospodor, Spencer W. Ng	Disk Scrubbing in Large Archival Storage Systems.	MASCOTS	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Mark B. Josephs	Models for Data-Flow Sequential Processes.	25 Years Communicating Sequential Processes	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Xin Yu	Improving TCP performance over mobile ad hoc networks by exploiting cross-layer information awareness.	MobiCom	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	best-effort ACK delivery, early packet loss notification, ad hoc networks, mobility, TCP, cross-layer, transport layer
12	Fan Ye 0005, Tim Kelly	Component Failure Mitigation According to Failure Type.	COMPSAC	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Achour Mostéfaoui, Sergio Rajsbaum, Michel Raynal	The Synchronous Condition-Based Consensus Hierarchy.	DISC	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Early deciding, Message passing, Consensus, Condition, Input Vector, Synchronous distributed system, Process crash failure
12	Paul Z. Kolano	A resource manager for optimal resource selection and fault tolerance service in Grids.	CCGRID	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Eric F. Weglarz, Kewal K. Saluja, T. M. Mak	Testing of Hard Faults in Simultaneous Multithreaded Processors.	IOLTS	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Ian Dobson, Benjamin A. Carreras, David E. Newman	A Branching Process Approximation to Cascading Load-Dependent System Failure.	HICSS	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Frederick Ducatelle, Luca Maria Gambardella	A Scalable Algorithm for Survivable Routing in IP-Over-WDM Networks.	BROADNETS	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Tevfik Kosar, George Kola, Miron Livny	Data pipelines: enabling large scale multi-protocol data transfers.	Middleware for Grid Computing	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	data pipelines, fault-tolerance, distributed systems, grid, replication, mass storage systems, bulk data transfers
12	George Kola, Tevfik Kosar, Miron Livny	A client-centric grid knowledgebase.	CLUSTER	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Panayiotis Periorellis, Olusola C. Idowu, Steven J. Lynden, Malcolm P. Young, Péter András 0001	Dealing with Complex Networks of Process Interactions: A Security Measure.	ICECCS	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Jenn-Wei Lin, Joseph Arul	An Efficient Fault-Tolerant Approach for Mobile IP in Wireless Systems.	IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput.	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	M/G/c/c queuing model, Fault tolerance, Mobile IP, wireless systems
12	Thomas S. Barnett, Adit D. Singh, Victor P. Nelson	Extending integrated-circuit yield-models to estimate early-life reliability.	IEEE Trans. Reliab.	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Hui Zang, Canhui Ou, Biswanath Mukherjee	Path-protection routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) in WDM mesh networks under duct-layer constraints.	IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw.	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	optical network, protection, wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), lightpath, wavelength routing, integer linear program (ILP), shared risk link group
12	Michael Dahlin, Bharat Chandra, Lei Gao, Amol Nayate	End-to-end WAN service availability.	IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw.	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	internet, world-wide web, replication, availability, disconnected operation, failure model, overlay routing
12	Alan P. Wood	Software Reliability from the Customer View.	Computer	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Phillip Stanley-Marbell, Diana Marculescu, Radu Marculescu, Pradeep K. Khosla	Modeling, Analysis, and Self-Management of Electronic Textiles.	IEEE Trans. Computers	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	application remapping, fault tolerance, sensor networks, wearable computing, Electronic textiles, remote execution, code migration
12	Ganesan Umanesan, Eiji Fujiwara	A Class of Random Multiple Bits in a Byte Error Correcting and Single Byte Error Detecting (S_t/b EC-S_bED) Codes.	IEEE Trans. Computers	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Random multiple bits in a byte error, single t/b-error correcting—single b-bit byte error detecting (St/bEC-SbED) codes
12	Soonwook Hwang, Carl Kesselman	A Flexible Framework for Fault Tolerance in the Grid.	J. Grid Comput.	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	fault tolerance, Grid computing, workflow, failure detection
12	Shiloh L. Dockstader, Nikita S. Imennov, A. Murat Tekalp	Markov-Based Failure Prediction for Human Motion Analysis.	ICCV	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Alain Girault, Hamoudi Kalla, Mihaela Sighireanu, Yves Sorel	An Algorithm for Automatically Obtaining Distributed and Fault-Tolerant Static Schedules.	DSN	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Fault Tolerance in Distributed and Real-Time Systems, multi-component architectures, distribution heuristics, Safety-Critical Systems, software implemented fault-tolerance
12	Rosalia Christodoulopoulou, Reza Azimi, Angelos Bilas	Dynamic Data Replication: An Approach to Providing Fault-Tolerant Shared Memory Clusters.	HPCA	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Dominic Heutelbeck, Reinhold Räth, Claus Unger	Fault Tolerant Geographical Addressing.	IICS	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Srihari Nelakuditi, Sanghwan Lee, Yinzhe Yu, Zhi-Li Zhang	Failure Insensitive Routing for Ensuring Service Availability.	IWQoS	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Roy Friedman, Lior Baram, Shiri Abarbanel	Fault-Tolerant Multi-Server Video-on-Demand Service.	IPDPS	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Michael M. Swift, Brian N. Bershad, Henry M. Levy	Improving the reliability of commodity operating systems.	SOSP	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	recovery, virtual memory, protection, device drivers, I/O
12	Dariusz R. Kowalski, Mariam Momenzadeh, Alexander A. Shvartsman	Emulating Shared-Memory Do-All Algorithms in Asynchronous Message-Passing Systems.	OPODIS	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	fault-tolerance, communication, Distributed algorithm, quorums, work
12	Fabius Klemm, Srikanth V. Krishnamurthy, Satish K. Tripathi	Alleviating Effects of Mobility on TCP Performance in Ad Hoc Networks Using Signal Strength Based Link Management.	PWC	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Ad Hoc Networks, TCP, IEEE 802.11, Power Management, Signal Strength
12	John Koroma, Wei Wayne Li, Dimitri Kazakos	A generalized model for network survivability.	Richard Tapia Celebration of Diversity in Computing Conference	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	failure frequency, availability, Markov models, survivability
12	Ken Tseng, Vinod Kariat	Static noise analysis with noise windows.	DAC	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	noise, crosstalk, signal integrity
12	Jie Xu 0007, Brian Randell, Alexander B. Romanovsky, Robert J. Stroud, Avelino F. Zorzo, Ercument Canver, Friedrich W. von Henke	Rigorous Development of an Embedded Fault-Tolerant System Based on Coordinated Atomic Actions.	IEEE Trans. Computers	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	coordinated atomic (CA) actions, embedded fault-tolerant systems, model checking, reliability, Concurrency, object orientation, formal verification, safety, exception handling
12	Atakan Dogan, Füsun Özgüner	Matching and Scheduling Algorithms for Minimizing Execution Time and Failure Probability of Applications in Heterogeneous Computing.	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	matching and scheduling, precedence-constrained tasks, articulation points and bridges, DLS algorithm, reliability, heterogeneous computing
12	Bidyut Gupta, Samir K. Banerjee	A Roll-Forward Recovery Scheme for Solving the Problem of Coasting Forward for Distributed Systems.	ACM Comput. Surv.	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Andrea Coccoli, Péter Urbán, Andrea Bondavalli	Performance Analysis of a Consensus Algorithm Combining Stochastic Activity Networks and Measurements.	DSN	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	measurements, failure detectors, quantitative analysis, distributed consensus, Stochastic Activity Networks
12	Larry Koved, Marco Pistoia, Aaron Kershenbaum	Access rights analysis for Java.	OOPSLA	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Java security, invocation graph, security, data flow analysis, call graph, access rights
12	Herbert H. Thompson, James A. Whittaker, Florence E. Mottay	Software security vulnerability testing in hostile environments.	SAC	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	software testing, fault injection, software security, software defect, software failure
12	Latha A. Kant	Design and Performance Modeling and Simulation of Self-Healing Mechanisms for Wireless Communication Networks.	Annual Simulation Symposium	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Fault Management (FM), Network Management System (NMS), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Mobile Switching Center (MSC), Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN), Self-healing, General Packet Radio Services (GPRS)
12	Carl R. Williams, Peraset Chompuming	Manufacturing 2: a simulation study of robotic welding system with parallel and serial processes in the metal fabrication industry.	WSC	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Ziv Bar-Joseph, Idit Keidar, Nancy A. Lynch	Early-Delivery Dynamic Atomic Broadcast.	DISC	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Khaled Day, Abdel Elah Al-Ayyoub	Reliable Communication in Faulty Star Networks.	IPDPS	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Fault tolerance, routing, distributed algorithm, star graph, node-disjoint paths
12	Y. Varoglu, Dimiter R. Avresky	Survivable Computer Networks in the Presence of Partitioning.	IPDPS	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	interconnection networks, Partitioning, meshes, torus, rings
12	Francisco Javier López-Fraguas, Jaime Sánchez-Hernández	Narrowing Failure in Functional Logic Programming.	FLOPS	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Ada Gavrilovska, Karsten Schwan, Van Oleson	A Practical Approach for ?Zero? Downtime in an Operational Information System.	ICDCS	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Seung Hoon Choi, Kaushik Roy 0001	Noise Analysis under Capacitive and Inductive Coupling for High Speed Circuits.	DELTA	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Crosstalk, Inductance, Capacitance, Noise Analysis, Noise Margin, High Speed Circuit
12	Seung Hoon Choi, Bipul Chandra Paul, Kaushik Roy 0001	Dynamic Noise Analysis with Capacitive and Inductive Coupling.	ASP-DAC/VLSI Design	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	capacitiance, dynamic noise margin, crosstalk, inductance, noise analysis, deep submicron, noise model
12	Massimo Franceschetti, Jehoshua Bruck	A Group Membership Algorithm with a Practical Specification.	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Distributed agreement algorithms, asynchronous systems, group membership
12	Lorenzo Alvisi, Dahlia Malkhi, Evelyn Tumlin Pierce, Michael K. Reiter	Fault Detection for Byzantine Quorum Systems.	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	fault detection, Byzantine fault tolerance, quorum systems, replicated data
12	Indranil Gupta, Robbert van Renesse, Kenneth P. Birman	Scalable Fault-Tolerant Aggregation in Large Process Groups.	DSN	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Sung Hoon Baek, Bong Wan Kim, Eui Joung Joung, Chong-Won Park	Reliability and performance of hierarchical RAID with multiple controllers.	PODC	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	hierarchical RAID, three-failure-tolerant array, Markov process, high reliability
12	Jaeyeon Jung, Emil Sit, Hari Balakrishnan, Robert Tappan Morris	DNS performance and the effectiveness of caching.	Internet Measurement Workshop	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Internet
12	Ann E. Kelley Sobel, Richard C. Linger	Advances in Software Specification and Verification - Minitrack Introduction.	HICSS	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Thomas S. Barnett, Adit D. Singh, Victor P. Nelson	Yield-Reliability Modeling for Fault Tolerant Integrated Circuits.	DFT	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	infant mortality, negative binomial distribution, clustering, reliability, redundancy, yield, defects, defect tolerance, burn-in
12	Eleftherios Kolonis, Michael Nicolaidis	Fail-Safe Synchronization Circuit for Duplicated Systems.	DFT	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	fail-safe systems, fail-safe synchronization, duplicated systems, actuator control
12	Jing Wu 0001, Delfin Y. Montuno, Hussein T. Mouftah, Guoqiang Wang, Abel Dasylva	Improving the Reliability of the Label Distribution Protocol.	LCN	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Upkar Varshney, Andrew P. Snow, Alisha D. Malloy	Measuring the Reliability and Survivability of Infrastructure-Oriented Wireless Networks.	LCN	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Chenggong Charles Fan, Jehoshua Bruck	Tolerating Multiple Faults in Multistage Interconnection Networks with Minimal Extra Stages.	IEEE Trans. Computers	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	extra-stage, switch faults, stage masks, fault tolerance, Multistage Interconnection Networks (MIN)
12	Jamel Gafsi, Ernst W. Biersack	Modeling and Performance Comparison of Reliability Strategies for Distributed Video Servers.	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Distributed video servers, performance and cost analysis, Markov chains, reliability modeling, SHARPE
12	Inhwan Lee, Ravishankar K. Iyer	Diagnosing Rediscovered Software Problems Using Symptoms.	IEEE Trans. Software Eng.	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	rediscovery, failure symptom, measurement, diagnosis, software service, Software failure
12	Subhachandra Chandra, Peter M. Chen	Whither Generic Recovery from Application Faults? A Fault Study using Open-Source Software.	DSN	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Heisenbugs, Software, Recovery, Faults, Transient
12	Ravishankar K. Iyer, Zbigniew Kalbarczyk, Mahesh Kalyanakrishnan	Measurement-based Analysis of Networked System Availability.	Performance Evaluation	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Fabio Casati, Gianpaolo Cugola	Error Handling in Process Support Systems.	Advances in Exception Handling Techniques	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Enrique Hernández-Orallo, Joan Vila i Carbó	Evaluation of a New Resource Reservation Scheme for MPEG Transmission in Highly Available Real-Time Schannels.	INTERWORKING	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Yasushi Saito, Henry M. Levy	Optimistic Replication for Internet Data Services.	DISC	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Abdur Chowdhury, Ophir Frieder, Paul Luse, Peng-Jun Wan	Network Survivability Simulation of a Commercially Deployed Dynamic Routing System Protocol.	IPDPS Workshops	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Ray Haythornthwaite	Failure Mechanisms in Semiconductor Memory Circuits.	MTDT	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Sanjeev Kumar 0004, Philip R. Cohen, Hector J. Levesque	The Adaptive Agent Architecture: Achieving Fault-Tolerance Using Persistent Broker Teams.	ICMAS	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	L. Lawrence Ho, Symeon Papavassiliou	Network and Service Anomaly Detection in Multi-Service Transaction-Based Electronic Commerce Wide Area Networks.	ISCC	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	proactive network management, network/service anomaly detection, electronic commerce networks
12	Khaled Ben Lamine, Froduald Kabanza	History checking of temporal fuzzy logic formulas for monitoring behavior-based mobile robots.	ICTAI	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	temporal fuzzy logic, behavior-based mobile robots, robot control systems, real world robots, simulator, semantics, fuzzy logic, temporal logic, mobile robots, digital simulation, distributed control, failure detection, noise elimination
12	Angkul Kongmunvattana, Santipong Tanchatchawal, Nian-Feng Tzeng	Coherence-based Coordinated Checkpointing for Software Distributed Shared Memory Systems.	ICDCS	2000	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Pablo Galdámez, Declan Murphy, José M. Bernabéu-Aubán, Francesc D. Muñoz-Escoí	Event-Based Techniques to Debug an Object Request Broker.	J. Supercomput.	1999	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	software instrumentation, events, Fault Injection, Behavior modeling, Distributed Debugging, Object Request Broker
12	Philip Koopman, John DeVale	Comparing the Robustness of POSIX Operating Systems.	FTCS	1999	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	software robustness testing, operating systems
12	Christoforos N. Hadjicostis, George C. Verghese	Monitoring Discrete Event Systems Using Petri Net Embeddings.	ICATPN	1999	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Daniela Rosu 0001, Karsten Schwan	FARACost: An Adaptation Cost Model Aware of Pending Constraints.	RTSS	1999	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	real-time systems, adaptation
12	Sumito Nakano, Naotake Kamiura, Yutaka Hata, Nobuyuki Matsui	Reconfiguration of Two-Dimensional Meshes Embedded in Faulty Hypercubes.	DFT	1999	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	reconfiguration, hypercube, embedding, two-dimensional mesh
12	Jun Xu 0003, Zbigniew Kalbarczyk, Ravishankar K. Iyer	Networked Windows NT System Field Failure Data Analysis.	PRDC	1999	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Richard A. Golding, Elizabeth Borowsky	Fault-Tolerant Replication Management in Large-Scale Distributed Storage Systems.	SRDS	1999	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Nagarajan Kandasamy, John P. Hayes, Brian T. Murray	Tolerating Transient Faults in Statically Scheduled Safety-Critical Embedded Systems.	SRDS	1999	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Amy R. Ward, Peter W. Glynn, Kathy J. Richardson	Internet service performance failure detection.	SIGMETRICS Perform. Evaluation Rev.	1998	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Santosh K. Shrivastava	Inter-task Co-ordination in Long-Lived Distributed Applications.	DISC	1998	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Abhijeet Kolpekwar, Ronald D. Blanton, David Woodilla	Failure modes for stiction in surface-micromachined MEMS.	ITC	1998	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Martina Schollmeyer, Bruce M. McMillin	A General Method for Maximizing the Error-Detecting Ability of Distributed Algorithms.	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.	1997	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	fault tolerance, architecture, mapping, Error detection, multicomputers, fault-tolerant algorithms
12	Jerry James, Ambuj K. Singh	Fault Tolerance Bounds for Memory Consistency.	WDAG	1997	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
12	Urban Nuldén	Escalation in IT Projects: Can We Afford to Quit or do We Have to Continue?	ISCNZ	1996	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	project failure, escalation, commitment